{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:14:55Z","timestamp":1761948895136,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Work\u2010related violence remains a significant problem in healthcare settings, including EDs. Violence risk assessment tools have been developed to improve risk mitigation in this setting; however, incorporation of these tools into standard hospital processes remains scarce. This research aimed to explore nurses' perspectives on the Br\u00f6set Violence Checklist used in routine violence risk assessment and their recommendations for additional items.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty nursing staff who used the Br\u00f6set Violence Checklist (BVC) as standard practice for 5\u2009years participated in two focus groups where 23 violence risk factors were presented. Using multiple methods, participants were asked to select and elaborate from a pre\u2010determined list what they considered most useful in violence risk assessment in respect to descriptors and terminology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative data showed most risk factors presented to the group were considered to be predictive of violence. Ten were regarded as associated with risk, and overt behaviours received the highest votes. The terms \u2018shouting and demanding\u2019 was preferred over \u2018boisterous\u2019, and \u2018cognitive impairment\u2019 over \u2018confusion\u2019. Patient clinical characteristics and staff perceptions of harm, inability to observe subtle behaviour, imposed restrictions and interventions and environmental conditions and impact were also important considerations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recommend that violence risk assessment include: history of violence, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms, drug and alcohol influence, shouting and demanding, verbal abuse\/hostility, impulsivity, agitation, irritability and imposed restrictions and interventions. These violence risk factors fit within the four categories of historical, clinical, behavioural and situational.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:04:33Z","timestamp":1709262273000},"page":"459-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors for violence in an emergency department: Nurses' perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Ilarda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of Southern Queensland  Ipswich Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7578-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainslie","family":"Senz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Footscray Hospital, Western Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Tynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland  Ipswich Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Research Development and Engagement Unit Darling Downs Health  Toowoomba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1864-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"McIlveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of Southern Queensland  Ipswich Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2023.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2009.18.8.41810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2010.07.17.4.70.c7926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"DanielCE.An evaluation of violence risk screening at triage at one Australian emergency department.2015(Doctoral dissertation The University of Melbourne)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-202979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015012003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emergency department staff experiences of the Br\u00f6set Violence Checklist","author":"Ilarda E","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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