{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:56:21Z","timestamp":1782287781478,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the associations between lid and conjunctival injuries (LACI), non\u2010fatal strangulation (NFS) and domestic family violence (DFV) in non\u2010sexual assault.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study involves an analysis of LACI in a clinical audit of 85 sequential non\u2010sexual assault presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LACI was present in 26.9% of non\u2010sexual assault cases, and 47.4% of LACI patients also experienced NFS. LACI was sustained in the context of DFV in 62.9% of cases. Females made up 69.2% of LACI patients, with those between 14 and 29\u2009years most at risk. Children were present in 12.8% of cases, 78.2% of perpetrators were male and 44.9% of patients had previously been assaulted by the same perpetrator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>LACI is frequently associated with NFS and\/or DFV. Since NFS increases future homicide attempts and events more than sixfold, LACI is an important signal about a patient's homicide risk, expanding the dimensions of the care needed. Those experiencing LACI during an assault also need to be referred for comprehensive eye examination as soon as possible. With consent, systematic forensic photography of LACI enables its assessment and documentation, which assists the legal process. These conclusions should drive legislative consideration and reform, plus expanded education for clinicians and police.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T10:43:11Z","timestamp":1720003391000},"page":"849-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["More than meets the eye: Lid and conjunctival injuries in cases of non\u2010sexual assault are frequently accompanied by non\u2010fatal strangulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5274-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanita","family":"Parekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Forensic Medical Services Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"ANU College of Health and Medicine The Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"McMinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Forensic Medical Services Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3966-6005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Brkic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Forensic Medical Services Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Violence and Victims of Crime ACT Policing  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Boxx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Violence and Victims of Crime ACT Policing  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Violence and Victims of Crime ACT Policing  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Forensic Medical Services Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"ANU College of Health and Medicine The Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Eye Injuries in Australia 2010\u201311 to 2014\u201315 Summary.2018. [Cited 5 Mar 2024.] Available from URL:https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/injury\/eye-injuries-in-australia-2010-11-to-2014-15\/summary"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.0578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(96)30748-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.1.4.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"The ocular sequelae of blunt trauma","volume":"6","author":"Giovinazzo VJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv. Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. 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