{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:47:42Z","timestamp":1789087662183,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body stuffing involves hastily ingesting poorly sealed drug packets for concealment. Management varies from no imaging to CT scans and observation for 6\u201324\u2009h or until packet passage. This study describes the characteristics, management, and outcomes of body stuffers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted on body stuffers reported to the NSW Poisons Information Centre and South\u2010East Area Toxicology Service (2014\u20132023). Patients who ingested drugs for concealment were included. Body packers, body pushers, and cases without medical records were excluded. Data were collected from databases and medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 192 patients, 126 met inclusion criteria (85% male, median age 30\u2009years). Median time to presentation was 3.2\u2009h (IQR: 1.7\u20136.6,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200984). The median number of packages was one (IQR: 1\u20133), with balloons being the most common (56%). Concealed substances included opioids (39%) and amphetamines (29%). Thirty\u2010two ingested multiple substances, while 26 denied or had unknown ingestion. Symptoms were present in 61 (48%), commonly sedation (19) or agitation (13). Symptomatic patients mostly concealed sedatives (29) or stimulants (28), while those ingesting tobacco or denying ingestion were usually asymptomatic. Imaging included abdominal X\u2010ray (63) and CT (50). Sensitivity for X\u2010ray and CT was 25% and 52% respectively. No asymptomatic patients developed symptoms during their stay. Twelve re\u2010presented with new symptoms following discharge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that body stuffers concealed various drugs, with opioids and stimulants more likely to cause symptoms. Asymptomatic patients typically had a benign course. Imaging has limited sensitivity; reserving it for those with more high\u2010risk features of exposure seems reasonable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T04:48:41Z","timestamp":1760330921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Management of Body Stuffing: A Retrospective Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela L.","family":"Chiew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Prince of Wales Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bash","family":"Jagarlamudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Prince of Wales Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinuka","family":"Dadallage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Unit Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0083-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betty S. H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Prince of Wales Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1176-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine Z.","family":"Isoardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Unit Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Poisons Information Centre Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2017.5.33495"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Endobronchial Foreign Bodies Presenting as Intermittent Chest Pain and Productive Cough","volume":"14","author":"Risal R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(97)90207-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81905-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70246-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-014-0456-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aiht-2019-70-3199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84898-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-200035932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/IJT.15.4.120.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1054501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"A.\u2010Y.Meng J.Grundlingh andA.Andi \u201cManagement of Suspected Internal Drug Trafficker (SIDT) \u201d 2020 https:\/\/rcem.ac.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Management_of_Suspected_Internal_Drug_Trafficker_December_2020.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"Traveller Presenting With Acute Confusion: Body Packer Syndrome","volume":"189","author":"Oke V. 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