{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:26:46Z","timestamp":1758706006786},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]],"date-time":"2015-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TA\u2010MOU\u201009\u2010M29\u2010075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA\u2010MOU\u201009\u2010M29\u2010075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Apis mellifera syriaca<\/jats:italic> exhibits a high degree of tolerance to pests and pathogens including varroa mites. This native honey bee subspecies of Jordan expresses behavioral adaptations to high temperature and dry seasons typical of the region. However, persistent honey bee imports of commercial breeder lines are endangering local honey bee population. This study reports the use of next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) technology to study the <jats:italic>A. m. syriaca<\/jats:italic> genome and to identify genetic factors possibly contributing toward mite resistance and other favorable traits. We obtained a total of 46.2 million raw reads by applying the NGS to sequence <jats:italic>A. m. syriaca<\/jats:italic> and used extensive bioinformatics approach to identify several candidate genes for <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> mite resistance, behavioral and immune responses characteristic for these bees. As a part of characterizing the functional regulation of molecular genetic pathway, we have mapped the pathway genes potentially involved using information from <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> and present possible functional changes implicated in responses to <jats:italic>Varroa destructor<\/jats:italic> mite infestation toward this. We performed in\u2010depth functional annotation methods to identify \u223c600 candidates that are relevant, genes involved in pathways such as microbial recognition and phagocytosis, peptidoglycan recognition protein family, Gram negative binding protein family, phagocytosis receptors, serpins, Toll signaling pathway, Imd pathway, Tnf, JAK\u2010STAT and MAPK pathway, heamatopioesis and cellular response pathways, antiviral, RNAi pathway, stress factors, etc. were selected. Finally, we have cataloged function\u2010specific polymorphisms between <jats:italic>A. mellifera<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. m. syriaca<\/jats:italic> that could give better understanding of varroa mite resistance mechanisms and assist in breeding. We have identified immune related embryonic development (Cactus, Relish, dorsal, Ank2, baz), <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> hygiene (NorpA2, Zasp, LanA, gasp, impl3) and <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> resistance (Pug, pcmt, elk, elf3\u2010s10, Dscam2, Dhc64C, gro, futsch) functional variations genes between <jats:italic>A. mellifera<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. m. syriaca<\/jats:italic> that could be used to develop an effective molecular tool for bee conservation and breeding programs to improve locally adapted strains such as <jats:italic>syriaca<\/jats:italic> and utilize their advantageous traits for the benefit of apiculture industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T08:59:49Z","timestamp":1422003589000},"page":"579-590","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Next generation sequencing of <i>Apis mellifera syriaca<\/i> identifies genes for <i>Varroa<\/i> resistance and beneficial bee keeping traits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nizar","family":"Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bee Research Department, National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension  P.O.Box 639\u2010Baqa 19381 Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mahmud Batainh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bee Research Department, National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension  P.O.Box 639\u2010Baqa 19381 Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Suleiman Migdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Bee Research Station National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit  Genotypic Technology (P) Ltd., #259, Apurva, 2nd Floor, 4th Cross, R.M.V. 2nd Stage, 80 Feet Road Bangalore 560 094 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit  Genotypic Technology (P) Ltd., #259, Apurva, 2nd Floor, 4th Cross, R.M.V. 2nd Stage, 80 Feet Road Bangalore 560 094 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit  Genotypic Technology (P) Ltd., #259, Apurva, 2nd Floor, 4th Cross, R.M.V. 2nd Stage, 80 Feet Road Bangalore 560 094 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaid","family":"Alhamuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Bee Research Station National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2001.11101050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2006028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1981.tb02999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Honey Bee Pathology","author":"Bailey L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Blum R.(1956)The bees in the Near East.Proceedings International Beekeepers Congress Apimondia Wien. pp. 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