{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:22:39Z","timestamp":1773015759619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trypanosomiasis, transmitted by tsetse flies (\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.), poses a significant health threat in 36 sub\u2010Saharan African countries. Current control methods targeting tsetse flies, while effective, allow reinfestation. This study investigates paratransgenesis, a novel strategy to engineer symbiotic bacteria in tsetse flies,\n                    <jats:italic>Sodalis glossinidius<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to deliver anti\u2010trypanosome compounds. Disrupting the trypanosome life cycle within the fly and reducing parasite transmission could offer a sustainable solution for trypanosomiasis control. In this context, we tested the effect of cecropin, reported to be lethal for\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Chagas disease) and\n                    <jats:italic>Tbg<\/jats:italic>\n                    TCTP (Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein from\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), previously reported to modulate the growth of bacteria isolated from the fly microbiome, to delay the first peak of parasitemia and the death of trypanosome\u2010infected mice. We have successfully cloned and transfected the genes encoding the two proteins into\n                    <jats:italic>Sodalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. These\n                    <jats:italic>Sodalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    recombinant strains (rec\n                    <jats:italic>SodalisTbgTCTP<\/jats:italic>\n                    and rec\n                    <jats:italic>Sodaliscecropin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) have been then microinjected into the L3 larval stage of\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis gambiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    flies. The stability of the cloned genes was checked up to the 20th day after microinjection of rec\n                    <jats:italic>Sodalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The rate of fly emergence from untreated pupae was 95%; it was reduced by nearly 50% due to the mechanical injury caused by microinjection. It decreased to nearly 7% when larvae were injected with rec\n                    <jats:italic>SodalisTbgTCTP<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which suggests TCTP could have a lethal impact to larvae development. When challenged with\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a slightly lower, but statistically non\u2010significant, infection rate was recorded in flies harboring rec\n                    <jats:italic>Sodaliscecropin<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to control flies. The effect of rec\n                    <jats:italic>SodalisTbgTCTP<\/jats:italic>\n                    could not be measured due to the very low rate of fly emergence after corresponding treatment of the larvae. The results do not allow to conclude on the effect of cecropin or TCTP, delivered by para\u2010transgenesis into the fly's gut, on the fly infection by the trypanosome. Nevertheless, the results are encouraging insofar as the technical approach works on the couple\n                    <jats:italic>G. p. gambiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The next step will be to optimize the system and test other targets chosen among the ESPs (Excreted\u2010Secreted Proteins) of the trypanosome secretum, or the differentially expressed genes associated with the sensitivity\/resistance of the fly to trypanosome infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T23:49:01Z","timestamp":1742168941000},"page":"1747-1760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of two candidate molecules\u2014TCTP and cecropin\u2014on the establishment of\n                    <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/i>\n                    into the gut of\n                    <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensi<\/i>\n                    s"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois Sougal","family":"Ngambia Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"De Vooght","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Veterinary Protozoology Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njiokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Van Den","family":"Abeele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Veterinary Protozoology Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Bossard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Tchicaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Milagros","family":"Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC University of Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Ravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Berthier\u2010Teyssedre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD\u2010CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/212817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00165-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1331833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007926107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.25404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-014-0156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1282-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1281-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-016-0339-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003056107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(2012)http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/London_Declaration_NTDs.pdf. Accessed date 30 January 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-8-2065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2019.e00113","article-title":"The elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense? Challenges of reservoir hosts and transmission Cycles: expect the unexpected","volume":"2019","author":"Mehlitz D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of trypanosome infection in three cattle breeds and effect on cattle annemia in the Dodeo cattle rearing area of Cameroun","volume":"3","author":"Oumarou F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medical Diagnosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.131060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(03)00204-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","unstructured":"The Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). (2018)http:\/\/www.who.int\/trypanosomiasis_african\/partners\/pattec\/en\/Accessed date 06 January 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Principles of area\u2010wide integrated tsetse fly control using the sterile insect technique","volume":"61","author":"Vreysen M.J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medecine Tropicate"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398457-9.00004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"WHO(2023a)Vector\u2010borne diseases (who.int).http:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/vector\u2010borne\u2010diseases."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","unstructured":"WHO(2023b)Trypanosomiasis human African (sleeping sickness) (who.int).http:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/trypanosomiasis\u2010human\u2010african\u2010(sleeping\u2010sickness)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"WHO(2002)WHO programme to eliminate sleeping sickness\u2014building a global alliance.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/67352\/WHO_CDS_CSR_EPH_2002.13.pdf;sequence=1."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009475"}],"container-title":["Insect Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70012","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70012","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:25:48Z","timestamp":1773012348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1744-7917.70012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70012","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-9609","1744-7917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-9609","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-7917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}