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We used histological and transmission electron microscopy,\n                    <jats:italic>16S rDNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    amplification sequencing and transcriptome analyses to explore the vertical transmission of bacteriome\u2010associated symbionts in the cicada\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalessa maculaticollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We find that the symbiont\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Karelsulcia muelleri (hereafter\n                    <jats:italic>Karelsulcia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) proliferates and changes shape after the adult cicadas emerged for 3 h, which is then extruded to the hemolymph from the basal membrane of bacteriome units. The yeast\u2010like fungal symbiont (YLS) harbored in bacteriome sheath cells is released freely along with\n                    <jats:italic>Karelsulcia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As ovaries mature,\n                    <jats:italic>Karelsulcia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and YLS infect oocytes of cicadas that had emerged for 60 h, and begin to gather at the posterior pole of oocytes, where they form a symbiont ball in each oocyte. Expressions of genes associated with cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis, amino acid transporter and lipid synthesis increase in the newly emerged adults, mediating the transport of substances during the transmission of symbionts. The amino acid\u2010sensitive mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway is one of the crucial pathways coordinating the vesicle\u2010mediated symbiotic transmission. The insulin signaling pathway potentially together with insect hormones synergically regulate insect fertility and affect yolk deposition, which is closely related to the symbiont infection of ovaries. This study highlights the importance of signaling pathways in regulating the vertical transmission of symbionts in sap\u2010feeding auchenorrhynchan insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T16:35:16Z","timestamp":1741451716000},"page":"1081-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Critical time of transovarial transmission of bacteriome\u2010associated symbionts and related molecular mechanisms in cicada\n                    <i>Hyalessa maculaticollis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling Shaanxi 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