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Although the function of ApoLp\u2010III as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in immunity has been relatively studied, the immune response mediated by ApoLp\u2010III is still vague. To understand whether ApoLp\u2010III is involved in the activation of the prophenoloxidase\u2010activating system (PPO\u2010AS), we examined the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides after immune recognition. The larvae of lepidopteran pest\n                    <jats:italic>Ostrinia furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were used as a model to address these questions by detecting the changes of phenoloxidase (PO) activity and NO concentration after the knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>OfApoLp\u2010III<\/jats:italic>\n                    and bacterial infections. In the present study, we reported the cloning and characterization of the\n                    <jats:italic>OfApoLp\u2010III<\/jats:italic>\n                    complementary DNA, and found that\n                    <jats:italic>OfApoLp\u2010III<\/jats:italic>\n                    is mainly expressed in the larval fat body. These investigations revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>OfApoLp\u2010III<\/jats:italic>\n                    was an immune\u2010related gene, its knockdown reduced the PO activity by 41.9%, and NO concentration reached 2.7\u2010fold higher level than that after double\u2010stranded\n                    <jats:italic>GFP<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment. Our data indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>OfApoLp\u2010III<\/jats:italic>\n                    was involved in increased expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Moricin<\/jats:italic>\n                    , activation of PPO, and reduction of NO production in\n                    <jats:italic>O. furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae after different bacterial infections, which were required for innate immunity. ApoLp\u2010III is a candidate target for an integrated pest control strategy using the combined application of double\u2010stranded RNA and biocontrol bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T01:24:55Z","timestamp":1742779495000},"page":"987-1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The involvement of Apolipophorin\u2010III in orchestrating prophenoloxidase activation and NO production in\n                    <i>Ostrinia furnacalis<\/i>\n                    larvae"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection Yangzhou University  Yangzhou Jiangsu Province 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