{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:56:47Z","timestamp":1782853007351,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D42017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D42017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae) is a competent vector of the trypanosomes causing human African trypanosomiasis and the African animal trypanosomosis. Management of this pest has primarily involved trapping methods, Sterile Insect Technique, and research into vector competence\u2013symbiotic interactions. Nevertheless, the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in integrated pest management programs for\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    control remains limited. Moreover, different tsetse fly species exhibit varying susceptibility to different EPF strains, indicating that no single strain is universally effective. Therefore, our study aimed to identify candidate EPF isolates for\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    management, evaluate the effects of temperature on the radial growth of these potent isolates, and assess the impact of the candidate EPF on the gut microbiome of\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Consequently, 16\n                    <jats:italic>Metarhizium anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Metschn.) Sorokin isolates were screened against\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    using dry conidia in an infection chamber, with the most virulent isolates having LT\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 3.95\u22129.37 d. Temperature significantly influenced the radial growth, conidia germination, and yield of these strains. There were also significant differences in conidia acquisition, retention and transmission between male and female\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    flies. Furthermore, all conidia receivers carried sufficient conidia, 5 d post\u2010interaction with EPF\u2010challenged conidia donors. Microbiome analysis revealed\n                    <jats:italic>Wigglesworthia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the most abundant taxa. Among the\n                    <jats:italic>M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, ICIPE 82 exhibited the fastest radial growth and highest thermostability, hence selected as a potential biopesticide candidate for managing\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study demonstrates the efficacy and potential of\n                    <jats:italic>M. anisopliae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ICIPE 82 as a biopesticide for controlling\n                    <jats:italic>G. austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T10:53:21Z","timestamp":1745751201000},"page":"1691-1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for\n                    <i>Glossina austeni<\/i>\n                    control: insights into microbiome alterations and implications on sustainable management of the pest"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fidelis Levi Odhiambo","family":"Ombura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>)  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imna","family":"Malele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7540-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adly MM","family":"Abd\u2010Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture International Atomic Energy Agency  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komivi Senyo","family":"Akutse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>)  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3356-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inusa Jacob","family":"Ajene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>)  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9593-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fathiya Mbarak","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (<i>icipe<\/i>)  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria  Hatfield South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02718-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01606-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(03)53002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.563016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2017.8754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ffunb.2021.637817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60168-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2008.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31510-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2402197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information","author":"Dargie J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.03.017"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009989","article-title":"A distribution model for Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni in Southern Mozambique, Eswatini and South Africa for enhanced area\u2010wide integrated pest management approaches","volume":"15","author":"Beer C.J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408419991299220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BICO.0000009397.84153.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects4020206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04740-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583159929767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02318-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"Elzhov T.V. Mullen K.M. Spiess A.N. Bolker B. Mullen M.K.M.andSuggests M.A.S.S.(2016)Package \u2018minpack. lm\u2019.R Interface Levenberg\u2010Marquardt Nonlinear Least\u2010Sq. Algorithm Found MINPACK Plus Support Bounds."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/agro:19920708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Integrating the Sterile Insect Technique as a Key Component of Area Wide Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Intervention","author":"Feldmann U.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Potential impact of tsetse fly control involving the sterile insect technique","volume":"21","author":"Feldmann U.","year":"2005","journal-title":"FAO\/IAEA Entomology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01827-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-4525-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012432555-5\/50013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Ethiopian isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans","author":"Hadis M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2011.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-7562(09)80363-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386899-2.00007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"21N","article-title":"Development of mass production technology for aerial conidia for use as mycopesticides","volume":"19","author":"Jenkins N.E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biocontrol News and Information"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"A newly developed odour\u2010bated' H trap' for the live collection of Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa","volume":"67","author":"Kappmeier K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(89)90004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02375093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1995.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/48.4.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2683704"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/24.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300018435"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","volume-title":"Tsetse Biology and Ecology: Their Role in the Epidemiology and Control of Trypanosomiasis","author":"Leak S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12050416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Serratia a novel source of secondary metabolites","volume":"11","author":"Mai A.G.M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Biotechnology and Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Mangiafico S.(2020)Rcompanion: Functions to support extension education program evaluation. R package version 2.3.25."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400007918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400015769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bcon.1997.0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150120110662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150500258503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-012-0473-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Tsetse and trypanosomiasis intervention policies supporting sustainable animal\u2010agricultural development","volume":"2","author":"Mattioli R.C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","unstructured":"Merkle E.andYou D.(2020)Nonnest2: tests of non\u2010nested models. R package version 0.5\u20105."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Comparative study on the vectorial competence of different Glossina species for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense","volume":"44","author":"Moloo S.K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v79i1.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1985.tb03449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1472324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583157.2021.1993133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15060449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10090270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00741-08"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","first-page":"60410","article-title":"The treatment of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"33","author":"Pepin J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"R Core Team(2020)R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R software version 4.0.3.R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria.https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00240-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.2.610-616.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jis\/4.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30527-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2333709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2003.00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493(2007)100[291:HTOBBI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1997.4658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1277-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901226106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003318"}],"container-title":["Insect Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:26:21Z","timestamp":1773012381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1744-7917.70052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-9609","1744-7917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-9609","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-7917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}