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Most insects encode 2 InR paralogs, but their functional divergence and redundancy remain to be explored. Here, we pursued the functionality of 2 InRs, LmInR1, and LmInR2, in the migratory locust\n                    <jats:italic>Locusta migratoria<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is clustered into the clade of ancestral\n                    <jats:italic>InR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    belongs to the clade of\n                    <jats:italic>InR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene duplication. While\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was at the highest levels in nymphal stage and adult ovary,\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was predominantly expressed in adult fat body. Loss of\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    function led to defective nymph\u2010adult transition and reproduction.\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    depletion had little effect on metamorphosis, but caused severe defects in female reproduction, including remarkable reduction of\n                    <jats:italic>Vitellogenin<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Vg<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) expression and arrested egg development. Interestingly,\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression responded to lower levels of glucose, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was expressed in response to increasing concentrations of glucose. Moreover, the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not\n                    <jats:italic>LmInR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was responsive to juvenile hormone (JH) and its receptor. The results suggest that LmInR2 has evolved neofunctionalization for massive Vg synthesis required for synchronous maturation of dozens of oocytes in a high\u2010fecundity insect. This study reveals a novel aspect of differential functions of InR paralogs and provides new insights into understanding of the insulin signaling cascade in insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T02:48:55Z","timestamp":1748227735000},"page":"1383-1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duplicated paralog of insulin receptor functions distinctively in locust reproduction for high fecundity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Libin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio\u2010breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences Henan University  Kaifeng Henan Province 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