{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:52:36Z","timestamp":1757620356211,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Agarwood trees (<jats:italic>Aquilaria<\/jats:italic> spp.) are widely cultivated in tropical Asia for their valuable resin. The defoliator moth <jats:italic>Heortia vitessoides<\/jats:italic> Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a devastating pest that significantly limits the productivity of agarwood plantations. Sex pheromones offer a sustainable and efficient approach for monitoring and controlling this pest. In this study, we report the identification of female\u2010specific volatiles (FVs) as candidate sex pheromones produced by the female of <jats:italic>H. vitessoides<\/jats:italic>. The FVs were identified and extracted from the 3rd to 5th abdominal segments of the calling females. We combined gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) and GC coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC\u2010EAD) to analyze the components of the FVs in <jats:italic>H. vitessoides<\/jats:italic>. Four EAD active compounds were specific to the female abdomen, with 2 being the major components. By comparing retention times and mass spectra with synthetic racemic standards, the primary components were determined to be 4 macrocyclic lactones: 14\u2010methyloxacyclotetradecan\u20102\u2010one (A), oxacyclopentadecan\u20102\u2010one (B), 16\u2010methyloxacyclohexadecan\u20102\u2010one (C), and oxacycloheptadecan\u20102\u2010one (D). Further analysis using chiral standards revealed that compounds A and C possess the <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> configuration. GC\u2010EAD tests on a chiral column demonstrated that all enantiomers of A and C elicited antennal responses in males, with stronger responses to the naturally occurring <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> enantiomers. In the choice wind tunnel assay, synthetic compounds tested individually or in blend attracted or repelled males as calling females. This study represents the first identification of macrocyclic lactones as sex pheromone candidate FVs in Lepidoptera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:54:45Z","timestamp":1757314485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrophysiological identification of 4 macrocyclic lactones as female\u2010specific volatiles of the agarwood tree defoliator <i>Heortia vitessoides<\/i> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Chonghe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry and Grassland, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in South China Nanjing Forestry University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry and Grassland, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Forestry in South China Nanjing Forestry University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longbao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Academy of Forestry  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/b95449","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals I","author":"Ando T.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1026(199905\/06)14:3<183::AID-FFJ804>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Volatile components of musky scent of orchids","volume":"14","author":"Hirose S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201304414","article-title":"Identification and synthesis of macrolide pheromones of the grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis and the frog Spinomantis aglavei","volume":"20","author":"H\u00f6tling S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemistry \u2013 A European 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