{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:43:42Z","timestamp":1790142222984,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to the high diversity of both habitats and wild species in China, biological communities are characterized by a high functional diversity. Butterfly communities are often classified into two functional groups, specialists and generalists. But a finer trait\u2010based classification might be needed for a better understanding of community assembly processes. Here, we used larval diet, voltinism, and dispersal ability to identify functional groups and relate their responses in alpha and beta diversity to gradients in human disturbance, altitude, and resource availability. Across all species, we found a negative impact of anthropogenic disturbance on abundance, a decrease in species richness with altitude, and a positive effect of resource availability. We further found that butterfly communities are best classified into three functional groups: univoltine specialists, bivoltine specialists, and generalists, whereby univoltine specialists showed the strongest dependence on resource availability compared to bivoltine specialists and generalists. Overall beta diversity responded strongly to the effective distance, the mechanisms structuring local communities differed among the functional groups. Univoltine specialists were mainly structured by environmental filtering. Bivoltine specialists were driven by mobility limitation and environmental filtering via resource availability. Generalist species were entirely driven by mobility. Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple functional traits to assess impacts of environmental change on community assembly. This approach enabled us to differentiate between primary ecological processes such as habitat filtering and mobility limitation. We conclude that the conservation of univoltine specialists should be a priority with a focus on targeted habitat management and conservation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1785410426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional structure and beta diversity of butterfly communities in a Chinese biodiversity hotspot"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiushan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wildlife Resources Conservation in Southwest China of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science China West Normal University  Nanchong Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forestry Science Research of Xiaolongshan of Gansu Province  Tianshui Gansu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Institute of Zoology (Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoological species)  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wiemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg \u2010 Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research Senckenberg German Entomological Institute M\u00fcncheberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Settele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Biology and Social\u2010Ecological Systems Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH\u2014UFZ Halle Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Schweiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbHUFZ Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Higher Plants in Xiaolong Mountain of Gansu Province","author":"An D.G.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.70000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Barton K.(2016)MuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference. 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