{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1790578531445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Growing global concern about the environmental risks posed by chemical insecticides has positioned RNA interference (RNAi)\u2010based biopesticides at the forefront of research in green agricultural pest management, due to their precise target specificity and environmental safety. With ongoing technological advances and expanding use, the emergence of insect resistance to this technology has become a major constraint on their sustainable application. This paper provides a systematic review of delivery strategies and current applications of RNA\u2010based biopesticides in pest control, and examines the mechanisms underlying insect resistance, including species\u2010specific sensitivity variations, disrupted dsRNA uptake, and resistance influenced by viruses or symbionts. To address the risk of resistance development, the study outlines integrated management strategies such as pesticide rotation and mixtures, optimized dosage delivery, refuge implementation, and innovative delivery technologies. Looking ahead, continued technological innovation, strengthened integrated pest management frameworks, and the creation of a global resistance monitoring network will be essential to support the sustainable use of this technology, thereby advancing the green transformation of agriculture and ensuring global food security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:03:42Z","timestamp":1790575422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanisms of insect resistance to RNA\u2010based biopesticides and management strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Tea Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu\u2010Yi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Tea Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Kunming China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruo\u2010Bing","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2020.103492","article-title":"A novel paperclip double\u2010stranded RNA structure demonstrates clathrin\u2010independent uptake in the mosquito Aedes aegypti","volume":"127","author":"Abbasi R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1359","article-title":"Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference","volume":"25","author":"Baum J.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11080545","article-title":"Monitoring of target\u2010site mutations conferring insecticide resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"11","author":"Boaventura D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-033020-090410","article-title":"The interplay between viruses and RNAi pathways in insects","volume":"66","author":"Bonning B.C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2018.02.010","article-title":"Target site mutations (AChE and kdr), and PSMO activity in codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) 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