{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:51:09Z","timestamp":1788306669915,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,16]],"date-time":"2012-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ther Apher Dial"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepcidin is a small defensin\u2010like peptide produced primarily by hepatocytes, but also by other cells, including macrophages. In addition to hepcidin's antimicrobial properties, it is the main regulator of iron metabolism and controls both the amount of dietary iron absorbed in the duodenum and the iron release by reticuloendothelial cells. Hepcidin expression is upregulated by a variety of stimuli, including inflammation and iron overload, and downregulated by anemia, hypoxia, and iron deficiency. Chronic kidney disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>) is associated with increased serum hepcidin levels, and the increased levels may contribute to the development and severity of anemia and to resistance to erythropoiesis\u2010stimulating agents (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESAs<\/jats:styled-content>). Elevated serum hepcidin levels contribute to the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Although parenteral iron supplementation can bypass some of the iron\u2010blocking effects of hepcidin in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with anemia, and free iron and iron stores increase as a result, the anemia is only partially corrected, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESA<\/jats:styled-content> dose requirements remain significantly higher than needed for physiological replacement. Treatment with agents that lower serum hepcidin levels or inhibit its actions may be an effective strategy for restoring normal iron homeostasis and improving anemia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The aim of this article was to review the regulation of hepcidin levels and the role of hepcidin in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related anemia, and to discuss hepcidin's potential as a clinical biomarker and several investigational treatments designed to lower serum hepcidin levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T16:33:50Z","timestamp":1355848430000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Hepcidin is a Potential Regulator of Iron Status in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kidney Center Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kidney Center Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008922200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008923200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205305200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-01-201590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-139915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.014399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-05-090019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o06-193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20101825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000312381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02190309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-224808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-106195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-100677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.173096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-12-4844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-027631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-033969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.013136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930841","article-title":"Hepcidin mRNA levels in mouse liver respond to inhibition of erythropoiesis","volume":"55","author":"Vokurka M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-028787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02690409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.010322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-10-4043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05931108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02182.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006091034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04280609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072632499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-051755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-011-0028-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CN107266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-245977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/750643"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1744-9987.12001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T03:42:21Z","timestamp":1697254941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,16]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1744-9987.12001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9979","1744-9987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9979","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-9987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,16]]}}}