{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:31:47Z","timestamp":1788312707437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ther Apher Dial"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Indoleamine 2, 3\u2010dioxygenase (IDO<\/jats:styled-content>) suppresses adaptive immune response. However, there was no study to examine whether IDO<\/jats:styled-content> activity is associated with immune parameters in dialysis patients. In this study, we estimated serum IDO<\/jats:styled-content> activity by the kynurenine\/tryptophan ratio (KTR<\/jats:styled-content>), and compared KTR<\/jats:styled-content> with natural killer (NK<\/jats:styled-content>) cell activity, soluble interleukin\u20102 receptor (sIL\u20102R<\/jats:styled-content>) and serum levels of trace elements such as selenium (S<\/jats:styled-content>e) and zinc (Z<\/jats:styled-content>n) that affect T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell function in 28 hemodialysis (HD<\/jats:styled-content>) patients (age: 72\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years old, time on HD<\/jats:styled-content>: 79\u2009\u00b1\u200989 months). NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell activity was decreased in 35.7% of the patients. KTR<\/jats:styled-content> values were almost 10\u2010times higher in HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients (380.81\u2009\u00b1\u2009385.46\u2009mM\/M<\/jats:styled-content>) than those in the referred controls (32.9\u2009\u00b1\u20099.10\u2009mM\/M<\/jats:styled-content>). KTR<\/jats:styled-content> was lower in patients with impaired NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell activity than those without (279\u2009\u00b1\u2009111 vs. 565\u2009\u00b1\u2009603\u2009mM\/M<\/jats:styled-content>, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07). There was no relationship between KTR<\/jats:styled-content> and sIL\u20102R<\/jats:styled-content> and Z<\/jats:styled-content>n, while KTR<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly and negatively correlated with serum S<\/jats:styled-content>e levels that can impair cellular immunity (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.41, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05). Our findings suggest that increased IDO<\/jats:styled-content> activity with S<\/jats:styled-content>e deficiency may be associated with impaired NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell function in HD<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T10:53:07Z","timestamp":1372935187000},"page":"19-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Increased Indoleamine 2, 3\u2010Dioxygenase With Impaired Natural Killer Cell Activity in Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Asuka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplant Surgery Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Purification Unit Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 2 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipment Center Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Ohmori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Yanai Medical Center Yanai 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