{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:08:27Z","timestamp":1789020507610,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Apher Dial"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of neurological complication after renal transplantation. The searches were conducted by two independent researchers in the international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and national databases (Magiran and SID) to find the relevant studies published in English and Persian languages since the creation of the databases until January 2019 (without time limitations). The keywords used in the search strategy were: neurologic complication, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, tremor, CVA, encephalopathy, neurological complications, renal transplantation, renal failure, kidney transplantation, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, opportunistic infections, CNS, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cognitive impairment, and end\u2010stage renal disease, which were combined using the AND, OR, and NOT operators. Finally, a meta\u2010analysis was conducted in STATA14 statistical software. Based on the random effect model, the total prevalence of neurologic complications in 4674 patients who had undergone the renal transplantation surgery was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:7.2%,8.7%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200990.1%). The prevalence of infectious, non\u2010infectious and treatment associated neurologic complications was 9.5% (95% CI \u20138.9, 10.2), 91.8% (95% CI \u201391.3, 92.4) and 97% (95% CI\u201095.7%,98.4%) of all neurologic complications in renal transplant patients, respectively. And according to the present subgroup analysis, peripheral neuropathy with a prevalence about 30% (29%) (95% CI \u201327.6%, 30.4%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200999.4%) was the most common neurological disorder in renal transplant patients followed by tremor with a prevalence of 19.5% (CI \u201317.6%, 21.3%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200997.1%), cerebrovascular events with a prevalence of 15.1% (95% CI \u201313.9%, 16.4%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200996.5%), encephalopathy with the prevalence of 13% (95% CI \u201312%, 14%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200999.3%), headache with a prevalence of 8.3% (95% CI \u20136.8%, 9.8%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200997.3%) and seizure with a prevalence of 7.4% (CI \u2013 6.5%, 8.3%, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u200994.6%). The results of the present systematic review and meta\u2010analysis, suggests that post\u2010kidney transplantation neurological disorders, with a prevalence rate about 8%, are relatively common; most of them are caused by immunosuppressive drugs and can be treated by decreasing the dose or switching the immunosuppressive drugs. Neurological disorders are associated with increased mortality; thus, differential diagnosis should be conducted for each individual patient with neurological symptoms after transplantation. It is important for all health care providers to become familiar with the symptoms of neurological disorders that may occur after organ transplants. Recognizing and monitoring these symptoms can reduce the risk of death in kidney transplant recipients. Further research is needed to help the transplant community to identify these issues and problems better in order to achieve the ultimate goal of helping renal patients and sending them back into their normal lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T04:59:15Z","timestamp":1557896355000},"page":"518-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neurological Complications After Renal Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Zabol University of Medical Sciences  Zabol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Salarzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Zabol University of Medical Sciences  Zabol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2367-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateme","family":"Parooie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Zabol University of Medical Sciences  Zabol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90146-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2048004016677687"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.12.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0307-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1804-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44577-9_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12564"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13209"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0560-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Baumgaertel MW","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874412466090"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2011.573893"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0211-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318280b359"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.01.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Neurological complications in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"18","author":"Ponticelli C","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066610389549"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 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