{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:57:36Z","timestamp":1785455856395,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016981","name":"Necmettin Erbakan \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["191518003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["191518003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Apher Dial"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated inflammatory markers involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 144 patients with CKD (65 females, 79 males) undergoing maintenance HD and 23 healthy controls (12 females, 11 males). Serum concentrations of Transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), Neutrophil\u2010to\u2010Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet\u2010to\u2010Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were determined. Group comparisons were performed, and associations were examined using crude and multivariable\u2010adjusted logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TGF\u2010\u03b2, NLR, and PLR levels were significantly higher in HD patients than in controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041, respectively), along with elevated CRP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). ROC analysis showed good diagnostic performance for TGF\u2010\u03b2 (AUC 0.812) and NLR (AUC 0.863), but weaker for PLR (AUC 0.633). In the crude logistic regression analysis, all three markers demonstrated significant associations with end\u2010stage renal disease (ESRD). After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancy, and inflammatory diseases, TGF\u2010\u03b2 remained significantly associated with ESRD (OR: 1.026; 95% CI: 1.003\u20131.050;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027). Similarly, after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), malignancy, and inflammatory diseases, NLR was independently associated with ESRD (OR: 8.196; 95% CI: 1.554\u201343.227;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013). Finally, following adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, CVD, DM, and malignancy, PLR also showed a significant association with ESRD (OR: 1.019; 95% CI: 1.002\u20131.037;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory markers, including TGF\u2010\u03b2, NLR, and PLR, are significantly elevated in patients with CKD receiving maintenance HD compared with healthy individuals. These markers are associated with HD even after adjusting for significant covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T04:44:36Z","timestamp":1760935476000},"page":"39-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2 (\n                    <scp>TGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b2) Levels and Neutrophil\u2010to\u2010Lymphocyte (\n                    <scp>NLR<\/scp>\n                    ) and Platelet\u2010to\u2010Lymphocyte Ratios (\n                    <scp>PLR<\/scp>\n                    ) in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (\n                    <scp>CKD<\/scp>\n                    ) Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7094-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Yilmaz Kars","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University Meram  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4013-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taha Ulutan","family":"Kars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye School of Medicine, Konya City Hospital  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Guney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye School of Medicine, Konya City Hospital  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutfullah","family":"Altintepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7729-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Kilinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University Meram  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedim Y\u0131lmaz","family":"Selcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University Meram  Konya 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