{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:20:22Z","timestamp":1790907622193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, the Ministry of Health in Iran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp;amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake with blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>) is an ongoing debate, especially in central Iran. We aimed to examine the mean Na and K intake, major sources of Na and the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> and dietary and urinary Na and K.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was performed in central Iran in 2013\u20132014. A total of 796 non\u2010hypertensive adults aged &gt;18\u2009years were randomly recruited. The semi\u2010quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary Na and K intake. Moreover, 24\u2010hour urine samples were collected to measure 24\u2010hour urinary Na (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UNa<\/jats:styled-content>) and K (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>) as biomarkers. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> was measured twice on each arm using a standard protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean Na and K intake were 4309.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091344.4 and 2732.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091050.5\u2009mg\/day, respectively. Table and cooking salt were the main sources of Na. Odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)) of the crude model in the highest quartile of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UNa<\/jats:styled-content> indicated a significant association with the higher risk of prehypertension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 2.09 (1.09\u20134.05); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u2009=\u20090.007). After adjustment for potential confounders, prehypertension was significantly associated with increasing dietary Na\/K ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.28 (1.01\u20131.57); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u2009=\u20090.046) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UNa<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 2.15(1.08\u20104.55); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u2009=\u20090.029).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing dietary and urinary Na\/K ratios and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UNa<\/jats:styled-content> were associated with elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> and prehypertension occurrence. These findings support the necessity of developing a salt reduction programme in our country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T15:06:44Z","timestamp":1473260804000},"page":"275-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Dietary sodium and potassium intake and their association with blood pressure in a non\u2010hypertensive Iranian adult population: Isfahan salt study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Noushin","family":"Mohammadifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan  Shahrekord Iran"},{"name":"Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan  Shahrekord 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Sciences, Isfahan  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Pourmoghadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awat","family":"Feizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Esmaillzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Security Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community 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