{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:29:51Z","timestamp":1782491391643,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp;amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to assess the usual distribution of energy and macronutrient intake among a large representative sample of Iranian healthy middle\u2010aged and elderly people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, a second follow\u2010up survey of the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) was carried out; 1922 people aged 40\u2009years and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24\u2010hour recall and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intake was estimated using traditional and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean usual intake of energy was 1749.2 kcal based on the NCI method. Carbohydrate constituted 59.98% and protein 17.42% of total energy intake. The mean contributions of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) to energy intake were 25.74%, 9.5%, 4.92 and 7.75%, respectively. Approximately 7% of studied females aged 51\u201370\u2009years met the recommended or higher levels for fibre. Females had significantly higher compliance of the recommended cholesterol level than males (age range of 40\u201370\u2009years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It appears that Iranian middle\u2010aged and elderly people are advancing towards a high risk of obesity and non\u2010communicable chronic diseases. Nutritional interventions for improving the diet amongst this at\u2010risk population are necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T00:17:02Z","timestamp":1525997822000},"page":"174-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Usual energy and macronutrient intakes in a large sample of Iranian middle\u2010aged and elderly populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Heidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awat","family":"Feizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Security Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noushin","family":"Mohammadifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Maghroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Research Centre Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizal","family":"Sarrafzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in western societies","volume":"66","author":"Okreglicka K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rocz Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Hig"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"WHO| Obesity.WHO2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"955","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and overweight and their related factors among the adults of Mazandaran Province, Iran, in 2010","volume":"6","author":"Ahmadi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012193155-1\/50003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"949","article-title":"Energy and macronutrient intakes in older urban and rural Iranian adults","volume":"45","author":"Iranagh JA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2010.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2014.955149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Shils ME","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. 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