{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T05:20:07Z","timestamp":1755926407778,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1092732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1092732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early childhood anaemia, usually attributed to iron deficiency, is associated with persistent detrimental effects on child development. This study investigates the association of anaemia between age six and 23\u2009months with indicators of childhood development at school\u2010age among children of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The triennial Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) encompasses five domains of early childhood development\u2014physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school\u2010based), communication skills and general knowledge. AEDC 2012 and 2015 assessments were linked with health information for children and their mothers from remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AEDC assessments were available for 250 children who had measurements of haemoglobin recorded at age 6 to 23\u2009months. More children who had had early childhood anaemia (n = 66\/143, 46.2%, [37.9%, 54.4%]) were developmentally vulnerable on two or more domains compared to those who had not been anaemic (n = 25\/107, 23.4% [15.2%, 31.5%],<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that early childhood anaemia more than doubled the risk of developmental vulnerability (OR 2.2 [1.1, 4.3]<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .020) at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early childhood anaemia is a risk factor for developmental vulnerability at school\u2010age in this setting. Interventions combining nutrition promotion and multi\u2010micronutrient food fortification, are effective in prevention of early childhood anaemia. Such interventions could also improve early childhood development and subsequent educational achievement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T23:39:37Z","timestamp":1578526777000},"page":"298-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Early childhood anaemia more than doubles the risk of developmental vulnerability at school\u2010age among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland: Findings of a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dympna","family":"Leonard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Buettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Tropical Health Solutions Pty Ltd Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fintan","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Makrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2828D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000480742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.04.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Anaemia in early childhood among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of Far North Queensland: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Leonard D","year":"2019","journal-title":"ANZJPH."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-250"},{"volume-title":"Nutritional Anaemias: Tools for Effective Prevention and Control Geneva","year":"2017","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1"},{"volume-title":"Australian Early Development Census National Report 2015","year":"2016","author":"Australian Early Development Census","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-013-9189-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2015.10.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Linking \u2018data silos\u2019 to investiate anaemia among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers and children in Far North Queenland","volume":"42","author":"Leonard D","year":"2018","journal-title":"ANZJPH"},{"volume-title":"Primary Clinical Care Manual Paediatrics","year":"2017","author":"Queensland Health","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1"},{"volume-title":"Optimal serum and red blood cell folate concentrations in women of reproductive age for prevention of neural tube defects","year":"2015","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Intergrowth\u201021st Network. 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