{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:07:56Z","timestamp":1775480876433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this systematic review was to examine the literature regarding rural healthcare delivery for women with any type of diabetes in pregnancy, and subsequent maternal and infant outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight databases were searched in September 2020, including Medline, EMCare, CINAHL, EMBASE, Maternity and Infant Care, Cochrane, Rural and Remote Health and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health bibliography. Studies from high\u2010income countries in rural, regional or remote areas with interventions conducted during the antenatal period were included. Intervention details were reported using the template for intervention description and replication template. Two reviewers independently assessed for risk of bias using the RoB2 and ROBINS I tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three articles met the inclusion criteria: two conducted in Australia and one in the United States. A multidisciplinary approach was reported in two of the included studies, which were modified specifically for their respective rural settings. All three studies reported rates of caesarean section, birthweight (grams) and gestational age at birth as maternal and infant outcomes. One study was considered at moderate risk of bias, and two studies were at serious risk of bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant gap in research relating to healthcare delivery for women with diabetes in pregnancy in rural areas. This lack of research is concerning given that 19% of individuals in high\u2010income countries reside rurally. Further research is required to understand the implications of healthcare delivery models for diabetes in pregnancy in rural areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T03:08:34Z","timestamp":1644203314000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rural healthcare delivery and maternal and infant outcomes for diabetes in pregnancy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rural Health College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department The Tweed Hospital  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Wynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology John Hunter Hospital  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rural Health College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rural Health College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour University of Newcastle  Tamworth New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.IDF Diabetes Atlas. 2019. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org\/upload\/resources\/material\/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e\u2010final\u2010web.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Diabetes Australia.Position statement: gestational diabetes in Australia. August 2020. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.diabetesaustralia.com.au\/research\u2010advocacy\/position\u2010statements\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Diabetes","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy 2014\u20132015","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4506-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Handbook for General Practice","author":"Royal Australian College of General Practitioners","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy: Management of Diabetes and Its Complications from Preconception to the Postnatal Period","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Queensland Health.Queensland Clinical Guidelines: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Guideline No. MN21.33\u2010V5\u2010R26. July 2021. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/qcg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"S255","article-title":"Diabetes Canada 2018 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada: diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"42","author":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-15915014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neonatal & Gynaecology Community of practice. South Australian perinatal practice guideline: diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes","author":"Maternal SA","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Australia: Government of South Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Rural & Remote Health","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"Rural Health Information Hub.Rural data explorer. 2019. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.ruralhealthinfo.org\/data-explorer?id=200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Maternal and Obstetric Care Challenges in Rural America","author":"National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1143-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12246"},{"issue":"192","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving models of care for diabetes in pregnancy: experience of current practice in far North Queensland, Australia","volume":"7","author":"McLean A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Treatment","author":"Hirsch IB","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-5-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"The World Bank Group.World Bank Country and Lending Groups. The World Bank. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519\u2010world\u2010bank\u2010country\u2010and\u2010lending\u2010groups."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"14898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JAC","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70202-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2007.00718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13144"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Can physical activity and dietary interventions improve maternal and fetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Hillyard M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Midwifery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","unstructured":"The World Bank.Rural Population (% of Total Population)\u2014High Income. World Bank Group; 2018. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=XD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","unstructured":"Standing Council on Health.National Strategic Framework for Rural and Remote Health. Australian Department of Health Australian Government; 2012. Accessed October 21 2021.https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/national\u2010strategic\u2010framework\u2010rural\u2010remote\u2010health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Rural Regional and Remote Health: A Guide to Remoteness Classifications. AIHW; 2004. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/rural\u2010remote\u2010australians\/guide\u2010to\u2010remoteness\u2010classifications\/summary"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2021.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health.Modified Monash Model. Australian Commonwealth of Australia; 2020. Accessed October 31 2021.https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/health\u2010workforce\/health\u2010workforce\u2010classifications\/modified\u2010monash\u2010model"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12612"}],"container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1747-0080.12722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1747-0080.12722","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1747-0080.12722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T15:55:35Z","timestamp":1692978935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1747-0080.12722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1747-0080.12722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1747-0080.12722","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1446-6368","1747-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1446-6368","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}