{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:32:25Z","timestamp":1784309545495,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001554","name":"Massey University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iodine and selenium are important nutrients for thyroid function; however, the New Zealand food supply is generally low in both minerals. Bread can be a good source of these minerals; although the popularity of lower carbohydrate diets means some people avoid bread. This study aimed to investigate the effect of low bread intakes on iodine and selenium intakes and status, and thyroid function in mid\u2010life women in New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Self\u2010selecting women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200946), aged 40\u201363\u2009years, with a mean daily intake of 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 slices of fortified commercial bread, were recruited into a cross\u2010sectional study in Auckland, New Zealand. Assessment of iodine and selenium intake was via a 3\u2010day diet diary. Iodine and selenium concentrations were measured in 24\u2010h urine samples and selenium concentrations in plasma using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine and thyroxine were also determined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median urinary iodine concentration was 49 (35, 78; 25, 75 centile) \u03bcg\/L indicating iodine deficiency. Of plasma samples measured, 32% had selenium concentrations below 110\u2009\u03bcg\/L, suggesting inadequacy. Data suggested at least 40% of participants had low intakes of both nutrients. Only two participants had impaired thyroid function; however, plasma selenium concentrations predicted the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high prevalence of inadequate selenium and iodine intake was observed in women with low bread intakes. Those with low bread intakes need to ensure they consume alternative sources such as dairy, fish and seafood, eggs, meat, other grains, and nuts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.70025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1751193388000},"page":"258-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Iodine and selenium intakes and status and thyroid function in midlife women with low bread intakes in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Jaime","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition College of Health, Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition College of Health, Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6326-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela R.","family":"von Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition College of Health, Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Brough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences College of Sciences, Massey University  Palmerston North New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61005-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502761016494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.181974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"A Portrait of Health: Key Results of the 2006\/07 New Zealand Health Survey","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"U351","article-title":"The re\u2010emergence of iodine deficiency in New Zealand?","volume":"116","author":"Mann JI","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Food Standards Australia New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Standard 2.1.1. Cereals and Cereal Products. Accessed September 5 2024.https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.au\/F2015L00420\/latest\/text"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"A Focus on Nutrition: Key Findings of the 2008\/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council, New Zealand Ministry of Health","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"2009 New Zealand Total Diet Survey\u2014Agricultural Compound Residues, Selected Contaminant and Nutrient Elements","author":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"2016 New Zealand Total Diet Survey","author":"Ministry for Primary Industries","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Update Report on the Dietary Iodine Intake of New Zealand Children Following Fortification of Bread with Iodine","author":"Ministry for Primary Industries","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0933-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450800679X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0311-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19930057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Mandatory Iodine Fortification in New Zealand: Supplement to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2016 Report\u2014Monitoring the Health Impacts of Mandatory Folic Acid and Iodine Fortificaton","author":"Ministry for Primary Industries","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2020.126503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium","volume":"21","author":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition NF","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507812001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508939830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507842292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105218"}],"container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1747-0080.70025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1747-0080.70025","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1747-0080.70025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:37:08Z","timestamp":1776746228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1747-0080.70025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1747-0080.70025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1747-0080.70025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1446-6368","1747-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1446-6368","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}