{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:00:57Z","timestamp":1789966857624,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition &amp; Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the volume of tray\u2010line packaging waste at an Australian metropolitan tertiary hospital and explore current disposal methods and their environmental impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient menu ordering system was used to retrospectively quantify packaged menu items served on the tray\u2010line from March 2023 to March 2024, with some of the data extrapolated from a 3\u2010month period to provide an estimate of 12\u2010month quantities. The packaged weight of all menu items was multiplied by the number of times they were plated and served to patients. Carbon emissions (expressed as carbon equivalents) were calculated using the methods outlined in the Australian Government National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Packaging waste was analysed for 1068 main meals and 712 mid\u2010meals over 365\u2009days. Sixteen tonnes of food packaging was sent to patients, all of which was sent to landfill. This equates to 7.73 tonnes of carbon equivalents. Of this food packaging, 9.4 tonnes of waste (60%) had the potential to be recycled and diverted from landfill.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study quantified the annual packing waste generated from this tertiary hospital food service tray\u2010line. Implementation of a recycling system could divert significant packaging waste from landfill and reduce carbon emissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T02:18:57Z","timestamp":1752200337000},"page":"470-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The environmental impact of tray\u2010line packaging waste at an Australian tertiary hospital: Retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8876-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition) Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7544-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition) Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Latrobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Latrobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deana","family":"Sikovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Latrobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Latrobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facilities Management Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McAlister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kym","family":"Wittholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition) Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Environmental Sustainability of Hospital Foodservices across the Food Supply Chain: A Systematic Review\u2014ClinicalKey [Internet]. 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Cleanaway. [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from:https:\/\/www.cleanaway.com.au\/waste\/commingled-recycling\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"National Greenhouse Accounts Factors: 2023 \u2010 DCCEEW [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 5]. Available from:https:\/\/www.dcceew.gov.au\/climate-change\/publications\/national-greenhouse-accounts-factors-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency.Basic Information about Landfill Gas [Internet].2016[cited 2024 Aug 30]. Available from:https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/lmop\/basic-information-about-landfill-gas"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Waste and recycling\u2014DCCEEW [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 3]. 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