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We first determined whether the estrogen\u2010induced increase in locomotion was susceptible to inhibition by a physiological challenge, and next whether it was associated with dopaminergic activation in the central reward area, nucleus accumbens. Ovariectomized rats were given estradiol or the oil vehicle and housed in cages with or without running wheels. All rats were given regular rodent chow for 1 week, a sodium\u2010deficient diet for the next week, and then were returned to a regular diet for another week. At the end of the last week, all rats were killed, brains were extracted and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured. As expected, estradiol treatment increased distance run. Surprisingly, dietary sodium deprivation further increased running, but this appeared to be related to experience with wheel running, rather than to sodium deprivation, per se. Dopamine was greater in the nucleus accumbens of estradiol\u2010treated rats that ran compared to all other groups. Thus, the estrogen\u2010induced increase in locomotion is a robust phenomenon that is not inhibited by a body sodium challenge and is associated with elevated levels of dopamine in reward pathways. These findings raise the possibility that the estrogen\u2010induced increase in locomotor activity, which occurs during a hormonal milieu conducive to reproduction, may reflect mate\u2010seeking behavior and, thereby, maximize reproductive success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T09:38:46Z","timestamp":1527759526000},"page":"783-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Increased locomotor activity in estrogen\u2010treated ovariectomized rats is associated with nucleus accumbens dopamine and is not reduced by dietary sodium deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Enith","family":"ESPINOSA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University \u2013 Center for Health Sciences  Tulsa Oklahoma 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