{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:56:37Z","timestamp":1785365797466,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of combined levonorgestrel (P) and quinestrol (E) on the fertility of striped field mouse (<jats:italic>Apodemus agrarius<\/jats:italic>) has not been evaluated. We performed a series of experiments in both the laboratory and field to assess the effect of P and\/or E on the fertility of <jats:italic>A. agrarius<\/jats:italic>. In the laboratory, to test the time\u2010dependent anti\u2010fertility effects of P and E, as well as their mixtures, 90 male striped field mice were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60), and a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30). Mice in 3 treatment groups were administered 1 of the 3 compounds (1 mg\u22c5kg<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> [body weight] EP\u20101, 0.34 mg\u22c5kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> E, 0.66 mg\u22c5kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> P) for 3 successive days (another half for 7 successive days) via oral gavage; mice were then sacrificed 15 and 45 days after initiating the gavage treatment. Our findings indicated that E and EP\u20101 treatment, but not P or control treatment, significantly decreased the sperm count in the caudal epididymis, as well as the weight of the testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles. Additionally, fertile female mice mated with E\u2010 and EP\u20101\u2010treated males produced smaller pups. These data indicate that E and EP\u20101 can induce infertility in male <jats:italic>A. agrarius<\/jats:italic>. In the field, the population density of <jats:italic>A. agrarius<\/jats:italic> was significantly influenced by EP\u20101, and the rodent density in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group. Overall, our results indicate that EP\u20101 is an effective contraceptive in <jats:italic>A. agrarius<\/jats:italic>, a dominant rodent species in the farmland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T10:20:06Z","timestamp":1625307606000},"page":"1041-1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anti\u2010fertility effect of levonorgestrel and\/or quinestrol on striped field mouse (<i>Apodemus agrarius<\/i>): evidence from both laboratory and field experiments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Shaanxi Institute of Zoology  Xi'an China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an 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