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Fertility control, first proposed for vertebrate pest management over 5 decades ago, has gained public acceptance because it is perceived as a potentially more species\u2010specific and humane approach compared with many lethal methods. An ideal fertility control agent needs to induce infertility across one or more breeding seasons, be easily delivered to an appropriate proportion of the population, be species specific with minimal side\u2010effects (behavioral or social structure changes), and be environmentally benign and cost effective. To date, effective fertility control of rodents has not been demonstrated at landscape scales and very few products have achieved registration. Reproductive targets for fertility control include disrupting the hormonal feedback associated with the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal axis, gonad function, fertilization, and\/or early implantation. We review progress on the oral delivery of various agents for which laboratory studies have demonstrated efficacy in females and\/or males and synthesize progress with the development and\/or use of synthetic steroids, plant extracts, ovarian specific peptides, and immunocontraceptive vaccines. There are promising results for field application of synthetic steroids (levonorgestrel, quinestrol), chemosterilants (4\u2010vinylcyclohexene diepoxide), and some plant extracts (triptolide). For most fertility control agents, more research is essential to enable their efficient and cost\u2010effective delivery such that rodent impacts at a population level are mitigated and food security is improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T08:37:42Z","timestamp":1632299862000},"page":"964-980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The status of fertility control for rodents\u2014recent achievements and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kyra","family":"JACOBLINNERT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Biology University Osnabr\u00fcck  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"JACOB","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn A.","family":"HINDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health and Biosecurity  Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2016.1259718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"AitkenRJ(2006). 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