{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:23:01Z","timestamp":1791472981875,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rice field rat, <jats:italic>Rattus argentiventer<\/jats:italic>, is a significant pest of rice in Southeast Asia. Fertility control methods have the potential to provide safe and effective alternatives to control methods that often include indiscriminate use of rodenticides or electric barriers. The aim of this laboratory study was to assess uptake of bait coated with different concentrations of the contraceptive hormones, quinestrol (E) and levonorgestrel (P), delivered alone and in combination (i.e. EP\u20101) and determine the short\u2010term effects on reproductive parameters of adult male and female <jats:italic>R. argentiventer<\/jats:italic>. In Experiment 1, 2 concentrations of E, P, and EP\u20101 (10, 20 ppm) were fed to groups of wild\u2010caught rats for 7 days. In females, both E and EP\u20101 induced uterine edema. In males, EP\u20101 reduced epididymis and seminal vesicle weights and lowered sperm motility. However, these responses were inconsistent due to low bait acceptance, especially with increasing concentrations. In Experiment 2, EP\u20101 (0, 20, 50, 100 ppm) was administered by oral gavage daily for 7 days to male <jats:italic>R. argentiventer<\/jats:italic>. There were significant reductions in epididymal and seminal vesicle weights for all oral doses of EP\u20101, in sperm counts for the 50 ppm dose, and in sperm motility for the 20 and 50 ppm doses compared to the control group. To select the optimum dose of EP\u20101, we must address the poor acceptance of contraceptive\u2010coated baits by rice field rats. Further research is required to improve the palatability of EP\u20101 and to test its uptake under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T17:26:32Z","timestamp":1635182792000},"page":"1017-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reproductive responses of rice field rats (<i>Rattus argentiventer<\/i>) following treatment with the contraceptive hormones, quinestrol and levonorgestrol"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"STUART","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rice Research Institute \u2013 Indonesia Office  Bogor Indonesia"},{"name":"Pesticide Action Network UK  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur \u2018Aini","family":"HERAWATI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesian Center for Rice Research  Sukamandi Indonesia"},{"name":"Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute  Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"RISNELLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rice Research Institute \u2013 Indonesia Office  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"SUDARMAJI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology  Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"LIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Society of Zoological Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant R.","family":"SINGLETON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rice Research Institute  Los Banos Philippines"},{"name":"Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich  Chatham Maritime Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn A.","family":"HINDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health and Biosecurity  Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR17104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2016.0003.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2020.0072.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2006)016[2000:EBMORI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Ecologically\u2010based Rodent Management","author":"Buckle AP","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2019.104906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Ecologically\u2010based Rodent Management","author":"Chambers LK","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"The control of rodent populations","volume":"15","author":"Gao Y","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Philippine Rats: Ecology and Management","author":"Hoque MM","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR13108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Effect of levonorgestrel\u2013quinestrol on fertility of female Mongolia gerbils","volume":"34","author":"Huo X","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meriones unguiculatus. 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