{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T21:22:37Z","timestamp":1785532957248,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irregular plagues of house mice, <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>, incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in Australia. The efficacy of zinc phosphide (ZnP), the only registered broadacre control agent for mice, is reported as increasingly variable. Have mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub\u2010lethal dose and developing aversion? In this laboratory study, the sensitivity of mice (wild caught; outbred laboratory strain) was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP concentrations. The estimated LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values (72\u201379 mg ZnP\/kg body weight) were similar for each mouse group but are significantly higher than previously reported. The willingness of mice to consume ZnP\u2010coated grains was determined. ZnP\u2010coated grains (50 g ZnP\/kg grain) presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94% of wild mice died. Mice provided with alternative food and ZnP\u2010coated wheat grains (either 25 or 50 g ZnP\/kg grain) consumed toxic and non\u2010toxic grains, and mortality was lower (33\u201355%). If a sublethal amount of ZnP\u2010coated grain was consumed, aversion occurred, mostly when alternative food was present. The sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is significantly lower than previously assumed. Under laboratory conditions, ZnP\u2010coated grains coated with a new higher dose (50 g ZnP\/kg grain) were readily consumed. Consumption of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was decreased. Our unambiguous findings for house mice indicate a re\u2010assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T05:53:24Z","timestamp":1654149204000},"page":"63-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide: an assessment for wild house mice (<i>Mus musculus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lyn A.","family":"HINDS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"HENRY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"VAN DE WEYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"ROBINSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"RUSCOE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"BROWN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Health &amp; Biosecurity  Clunies Ross Street Canberra ACT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Public Release Summary.","author":"APVMA","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"BellHB(1972).The hazards of secondary poisoning from zinc phosphide to selected vertebrate species (Master's thesis).University of Tennessee Knoxville TN."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR01023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Rodent Outbreaks: Ecology and Impacts","author":"Brown PR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90059-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"A review of zinc phosphide poisoning","volume":"28","author":"Casteel SW","year":"1986","journal-title":"Veterinary and Human Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Managing Vertebrate Pests: Rodents","author":"Caughley J","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Vertebrate Pest Conference","author":"Caughley J","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Occassional Paper Series No. 7","author":"Caughley J","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toxicology and ecotoxicology of zinc phosphide as used for pest control in New Zealand","volume":"37","author":"Eason C","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Chapter 11 An international perspective on the regulation of rodenticides","author":"Eisemann JD","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Proceedings 10th Wildlife Damage Conference","author":"Eisemann JD","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"FAO(2015).Progress in pesticide risk assessment and phasing\u2010out of highly hazardous pesticides in Asia. 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Available from URL:http:\/\/sitem.herts.ac.uk\/aeru\/ppdb\/en\/Reports\/1730.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"212","article-title":"A California without rodenticides: Challenges for commensal rodent management in the future","volume":"13","author":"Quinn N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human\u2010Wildlife Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR22009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-021-01370-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9830155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2005.00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Australian Postharvest Technical Conference","author":"Staples L","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00211636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Residues of Zn3P2 in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and secondary poisoning hazards to predators","volume":"39","author":"Tkadlec E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Folia Zoologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"TurcottM(2021). Defending nature against rodenticides. Centre for Law and the Environment Working Paper 2\/2021. Available from URL:https:\/\/commons.allard.ubc.ca\/cle\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","unstructured":"USDA(2020). Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA\u2010APHIS\u2010Wildlife Services. Chapter X. The Use of Zinc Phosphide in Wildlife Damage Management. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/wildlife_damage\/nepa\/risk_assessment\/10\u2010zinc\u2010phosphide.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"}],"container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12666","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T22:44:07Z","timestamp":1692485047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1749-4877.12666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12666","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4877","1749-4877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4877","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}