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Therefore, it is necessary to kill fleas and ticks before culling rodents to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. In this study, we used a mixture of ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) and bromadiolone (an anticoagulant rodenticide) to control both rodent and flea\/tick abundances. We found that in a laboratory test, 0.01% ivermectin bait was not lethal for greater long\u2010tailed hamsters after 7 days of treatment, while 0.1% ivermectin bait was lethal for approximately 33% of treated rodents. In a field test, bait containing 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.05% ivermectin decreased the number of fleas per vole of Brandt's voles to 0.42, 0.22, 0.12, and 0.2, respectively, compared with 0.77 in the control group, indicating that 0.01% ivermectin bait performed best in removing fleas. In another laboratory test, bait containing a 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone mixture caused the death of all voles within 6\u201314 days after the intake of the bait. In the field test, the bait containing 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone reduced the average number of fleas per vole to 0.35, which was significantly lower than the 0.77 of the control group. Our results indicate that a 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone mixture could be used to control both rodents and fleas to minimize the spillover risk of disease transmission when using traditional rodenticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T16:38:27Z","timestamp":1693499907000},"page":"156-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The combined effect of bromadiolone and ivermectin (iBr) in controlling both rodents and their fleas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"LIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"International Society of Zoological Sciences  Beijing 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