{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:04:41Z","timestamp":1778144681302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Birds exhibit remarkable variations in body size, making them an ideal group for the study of adaptive evolution. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying body size evolution in avian species remain inadequately understood. This study investigates the evolutionary patterns of avian body size by analyzing 15 body\u2010size\u2010related genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IGF2BP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>IGFBP7<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the growth hormone\/insulin\u2010like growth factor axis,\n                    <jats:italic>EIF2AK3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GALNS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NCAPG<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PLOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PLAG1<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with tall stature, and\n                    <jats:italic>ACAN<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>OBSL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>GRB10<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with short stature, four genes previously reported in avian species:\n                    <jats:italic>ATP11A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PLXDC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TNS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TUBGCP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The results indicate significant adaptive evolution of body size\u2010related genes across different avian lineages. Notably, in the\n                    <jats:italic>IGF2BP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, a significant positive correlation was observed between the evolutionary rate and body size, suggesting that larger bird species exhibit higher evolutionary rates of the\n                    <jats:italic>IGF2BP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. Furthermore, the\n                    <jats:italic>IGFBP7<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>PLXDC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes demonstrated accelerated evolution in large\u2010 and medium\u2010sized birds, respectively, indicating distinct evolutionary patterns for these genes among birds of different sizes. The branch\u2010site model analysis identified numerous positively selected sites, primarily concentrated near functional domains, thereby reinforcing the critical role of these genes in body size evolution. Interestingly, extensive convergent evolution was detected in lineages with larger body sizes. This study elucidates the genetic basis of avian body size evolution for the first time, identifying adaptive evolutionary patterns of body size\u2010related genes across birds of varying sizes and documenting patterns of convergent evolution. These findings provide essential genetic data and novel insights into the adaptive evolution of body size in birds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T23:15:37Z","timestamp":1733958937000},"page":"1124-1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insight Into Body Size Evolution in Aves: Based on Some Body Size\u2010Related Genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xionghui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengfa","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Datian","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Life Science Zhaotong University  Zhaotong Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals\u2010Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erhai Watershed Ecological Environment Quality Testing Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Erhai Research Institute West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eastern\u2010Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University  Dali Yunnan China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China  Dali Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9480-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Consequences of Body Size for Avian Energetics","author":"Calder W. 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