{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:54:16Z","timestamp":1781862856740,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    On their dorsal surface, bat tongues show a raised muscular structure called mediodorsal lobe (MDL) or lingual prominence. It exhibits different mechanical papillae across species, which we hypothesized are linked to foraging strategies. We predicted that tall MDLs and prominent papillae pointing frontward would effectively trap prey items caught on the wing by aerial hawkers. We examined 904 high\u2010resolution, close\u2010up images of 239 individual bats from 24 European species, focusing on MDL height and morphology and arrangement of MDL papillae. Aerial hawkers such as\n                    <jats:italic>Tadarida teniotis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nyctalus lasiopterus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Miniopterus schreibersii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and pipistrelles displayed prominent forward\u2010pointing papillae and taller MDLs, adaptations suited to high\u2010speed aerial foraging. These traits may be part of a broader \u201cecomorphological syndrome\u201d, facilitating efficient prey capture in open\u2010space foragers. In contrast, gleaning and trawling species lacked these specializations, exhibiting flatter MDLs and less prominent papillae. Phylogenetic analysis indicated evolutionary convergence in MDL morphology among aerial hawkers, with\n                    <jats:italic>M. schreibersii<\/jats:italic>\n                    showing similarities to vespertilionids despite its phylogenetic distance. This convergence highlights the influence of evolutionary pressures arising from foraging requirements on tongue morphology. Although possessing tall MDLs, rhinolophids are outliers, possibly reflecting their unique perch\u2010hunting strategy or echolocation. If the patterns we found are confirmed for a larger number of species, MDL morphology could predict foraging style across bat species and be included in future descriptions of foraging guilds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:22:06Z","timestamp":1744176126000},"page":"540-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bat Tongues and Foraging: Linking Morphology to Hunting Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Danilo","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II  Portici Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes &amp; CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o  Vair\u00e3o Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o  Vair\u00e3o Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Sociais Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Cistrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II  Portici Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II  Portici Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OnWild\u2014Birding and Photography Experiences  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010013\u20109567\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201046939\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12136"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Bridging the Gap: The Development of a New Trap Tocapture Bats Roosting in Bridges","volume":"52","author":"Amorim F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bat Research News"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003\u20103472(05)80048\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108339.2012.01250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414742a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/6005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107998.1999.tb01001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44029-9_53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102148\u201010\u2010165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Bats of Britain and Europe","author":"Dietz C.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65038-8_56-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0073\u201047212003000200014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/1807\u20100205\/2021.61.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12254"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Assessing Current Adaptation and Phylogenetic Inertia as Explanations of Trait Evolution: The Need for Controlled Comparisons","volume":"59","author":"Hansen T. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469\u20107580.2002.00073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.72.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7397-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.54.030192.003435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010019\u20102766\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44029-9_44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2020.151503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927607078890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108312.2004.00273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/444701a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.176289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3676835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1987.0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw122"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Comparative Morphology of the Tongue of Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus and Pipistrellus savii","volume":"39","author":"Park J. W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Microscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20109969(93)90125\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz\u20102022\u20100115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO98051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"312","volume-title":"Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference","author":"Simmons N. B.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"Simmons N. B. andA. L.Cirranello.2025. \"Bat Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Database.\" Version 1.7. Accessed on March 29 2025.https:\/\/batnames.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022477199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100264.2009.00956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360\u2010010\u20100466\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou W. H.Liang P.Wu et al.2022. \u201cCorrelated Evolution of Wing Morphology and Echolocation Calls in Bats.\u201dFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution10.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fevo.2022.1031548.","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2022.1031548"}],"container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12982","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12982","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12982","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:09:28Z","timestamp":1781860168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1749-4877.12982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1749-4877.12982","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4877","1749-4877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4877","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}