{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:56:48Z","timestamp":1772989008675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Avian haemosporidians are vector\u2010borne parasites with complex transmission dynamics influenced by host ecology and environmental factors. Both prevalence and parasitemia are key measures in host\u2013parasite studies. While prevalence reflects the proportion of infected individuals in a population, parasitemia provides insights into the intensity of infection within hosts, offering a different but complementary perspective. In this study, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate seasonal and interannual variation in haemosporidian infection intensity among 266 individuals from six bird species in a temperate woodland in Slovakia over 3 years (2017\u20132019). We focused on the four most abundant taxonomic groups:\n                    <jats:italic>Erithacus rubecula<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Sylvia atricapilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    , two parid species (\n                    <jats:italic>Parus major<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Cyanistes caeruleus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and two turdid species (\n                    <jats:italic>Turdus merula<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>T. philomelos<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Our results revealed distinct, taxon\u2010specific seasonal trajectories. Turdid species showed similar unimodal summer peaks, whereas parids lacked early spring infections and exhibited a steady decline from summer to autumn.\n                    <jats:italic>E. rubecula<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated a gradual increase across the season, while\n                    <jats:italic>S. atricapilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in late spring and early autumn. Spring intensities were highest in 2017\u20132018, likely due to relapse or new infections, and lowest in 2019, coinciding with warmer and wetter conditions. These findings highlight how seasonal variation in environmental conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, interacts with host life history to shape infection intensity patterns. Our study emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological context with molecular tools to better understand haemosporidian dynamics in wild bird populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.13031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:33:16Z","timestamp":1755563596000},"page":"162-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative PCR Analysis of Haemosporidian Infection Intensity in a Temperate Bird Community"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1727-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al\u017ebeta","family":"\u0160ujanov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences  Bratislava Slovakia"},{"name":"State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"\u0160pitalsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radovan","family":"V\u00e1clav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010048X.2011.05281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577386.003.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell J. 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