{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:04:57Z","timestamp":1789405497247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2601602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2601602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rodents are important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, and the\n                    <jats:italic>Capillaria hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    they carry pose a potential threat to public health in grassland ecosystems. Climate\u2010driven changes in precipitation show complex effects on disease ecology, particularly in steppe grasslands where extreme weather events are becoming increasingly frequent. Here, to investigate the effects of precipitation patterns on the epidemic dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in host populations, we conducted a 7\u2010year manipulation experiment in twelve 0.48\u2010ha field enclosures in semiarid steppe grassland. We found that rainfall increases in the early growing season intensified the infection rate and infection intensity of the parasite. Structural equation model demonstrated that additional precipitation indirectly affected epidemic dynamics by changing population parameters including body weight and population size. On the other hand,\n                    <jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the enclosure also exhibited obvious male\u2010biased parasitic characteristics, which were not observed in the wild population. In brief, our results provide experimental evidence for the impacts of rainfall patterns on parasite epidemiological dynamics at population level and highlight the importance of early rainfall increase on the parasite transmission in the semiarid grassland.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1762860353000},"page":"1137-1144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Excess Precipitation in Early Growing Season Increases Pathogen Pressure in Semiarid Grassland Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gaojian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Henan Institute of Science and Technology  Xinxiang China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences Henan University  Kaifeng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou 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