{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:35:11Z","timestamp":1790829311553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Lankesterella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Labbe, 1899 is a genus of blood parasites found in reptiles, amphibians, and birds that has been poorly understood. In birds, it was originally classified as\n                    <jats:italic>Hepatozoon<\/jats:italic>\n                    Miller, 1908 or\n                    <jats:italic>Atoxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    Garnham, 1905, but recent studies have revealed the diversity, prevalence, and host specificity of\n                    <jats:italic>Lankesterella<\/jats:italic>\n                    using integrative approaches, particularly the\n                    <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                    rDNA gene. The introduction of new diagnostic protocols focusing on mitochondrial genes requires assessing the comparability of different diagnostic methods. This study aims to compare microscopy and molecular detection methods for\n                    <jats:italic>Lankesterella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infections in wild birds, while also exploring the phylogenetic relationships inferred from different genetic markers. A total of 99 samples from nine passerine species were analyzed in a double\u2010blind study using microscopy and PCR protocols targeting\n                    <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                    rDNA,\n                    <jats:italic>CytB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The overall\n                    <jats:italic>Lankesterella<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. prevalence was 33%, with 17% detected by microscopy and 23% by molecular methods. In our study, the highest prevalences were found in European robins\n                    <jats:italic>Erithacus rubecula<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8.08%) and wrens\n                    <jats:italic>Troglodytes troglodytes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9.09%).\n                    <jats:italic>CytB<\/jats:italic>\n                    detected the highest number of infections among the three used protocols, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas\n                    <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                    rDNA yielded the lowest detection rate. Only four samples were positive for all three genes and by microscopy.\n                    <jats:italic>CytB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and microscopy combined detected the highest number of infections, despite the low correspondence. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high host specificity, with the best phylogenetic tree resolutions seen in\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CytB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study emphasizes the importance of using multiple methods, especially\n                    <jats:italic>CytB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and microscopy, to determine infection prevalence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1763352641000},"page":"1044-1054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing\n                    <i>Lankesterella<\/i>\n                    Detection in Avian Hosts: A Comparative Analysis of Microscopic and Molecular Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n Alfredo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Liberato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P. B. \u0160ivickis Laboratory of Parasitology State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny C.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Keele University  Newcastle\u2010under\u2010Lyme UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Romeiro Fernandes","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. B. \u0160ivickis Laboratory of Parasitology State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00010871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010021\u201004614\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H.2022. \u201cVennDiagram: Generate High\u2010Resolution Venn and Euler Plots. 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