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We systematically analyzed the visual system of Mandarin voles, using their above\u2010ground sister species Brandt's voles (\n                    <jats:italic>Lasiopodomys brandtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and standard laboratory mice (C57BL\/6J,\n                    <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as reference controls. Behavioral results showed that Mandarin voles exhibit reduced visual function, including visual acuity (&lt;0.02 cycles\/degree) and depth perception. Anatomical examinations revealed structural remodeling in the retina and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), characterized by a relative decrease in rods and an increase in cones within the retina compared to C57BL\/6J mice, along with dLGN showing reduced volume but increased mature neuron density and connectivity compared to Brandt's voles and C57BL\/6J mice. Notably, the primary visual cortex (V1) retained a conserved structure. An evolutionary dynamic analysis of vision\u2010related genes identified pseudogenization of genes and contraction of gene families associated with retinol metabolism, crystallin proteins, signal transduction, and retinal structure. These findings suggest that Mandarin voles exhibited visual functional degeneration, structural remodeling of visual pathways, and pseudogenization of vision\u2010related genes compared to surface\u2010dwelling species. This study systematically characterized the visual features of Mandarin voles, providing novel experimental evidence for understanding environmental adaptation in mammalian visual systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T10:38:36Z","timestamp":1762857516000},"page":"900-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subterranean Traits\u00a0of the Visual System in Mandarin Voles (\n                    <i>Lasiopodomys mandarinus<\/i>\n                    ): Structural Remodeling and Functional Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maolin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou Henan Province 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