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The state\u2013behavior feedback theory suggests that these personality\u2010driven variations may be affected by physiological states. However, the impact of personality on competitive foraging behavior within a species, as well as the physiological states associated with these variations in personality\u2010driven foraging behavior, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated changes in foraging behavior between bold and shy Mongolian gerbils across three distinct contexts: (1) non\u2010competitive foraging contexts, (2) a competition\u2010introduced context at a feeding site, and (3) competitor relocation to another feeding site. We also explored the potential hormonal and energy balance factors that may influence these behavioral variations. Our results revealed that bold gerbils exhibited a consistently greater tendency to compete in two competitive contexts. Shy gerbils opted for lower\u2010cost and more easily obtainable food resources in the competition\u2010introduced context but displayed a similarly high tendency to compete during the competitor transfer context. Although we did not find a significant difference in fecal production, digestibility, basal metabolic rate, or blood corticosterone levels between bold and shy gerbils, bolder gerbils exhibited lower body mass and daily energy expenditure but higher food intake. Our findings indicate that Mongolian gerbils exhibited personality\u2010driven competitive foraging strategies during intraspecific competition, which may be influenced more by differences in energy allocation than by competition pressure. This study provides empirical evidence to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying personality variation in behavior and the personality\u2010driven behavioral plasticity based on the state\u2010behavior feedback framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:46:06Z","timestamp":1770965166000},"page":"864-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foraging Under Competition in Mongolian Gerbils: The Influence of Personality and Its Physiological Basis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Shenyang Normal University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(89)90002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(89)90003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2006.01179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-017-4056-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems","author":"Begon M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/14-0130.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"3154","article-title":"Melatonin Attenuates Phenotypic Flexibility of Energy Metabolism in a Photoresponsive Mammal, the Siberian Hamster","volume":"220","author":"Boraty\u0144ski J. 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