{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:05:00Z","timestamp":1789405500251,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32400187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2042022dx0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042022dx0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sweet taste is a crucial chemosensory modality for detecting natural sugar compounds, which are primarily derived from angiosperms. In vertebrates, excluding birds, sweet taste is typically mediated by the Tas1r2\u2013Tas1r3 heterodimer, and the receptor function often reflects dietary adaptations to sugar\u2010rich diets. To gain insight into early vertebrate dietary transitions, we identified Tas1r genes in 58 vertebrate species and one outgroup and conducted functional assays in 10 representative species spanning six major clades, including one coelacanth, two amphibians, one squamate, two turtles, two crocodilians, and one mammal. Cell\u2010based assays showed that only the desert tortoise and American alligator exhibited detectable responses to natural sugars via Tas1r2\u2013Tas1r3, while all other tested species showed no response. To trace the evolutionary origin of sweet taste perception, we reconstructed ancestral Tas1r2 and Tas1r3 receptors for tetrapods, amniotes, and sauropsids. Functional assays of these ancestral receptors revealed no sugar sensitivity. Integrating our results with previously published data, we conclude that Tas1r2\u2013Tas1r3\u2010mediated sweet taste likely originated in amniotes and did not exist in earlier\u2010diverging vertebrates such as cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and amphibians. These findings suggest that sweet taste arose independently in vertebrate lineages after the origin of angiosperms, and likely represents lineage\u2010specific adaptations to angiosperm\u2010derived dietary resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:02:29Z","timestamp":1769842949000},"page":"1450-1459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["On the Origin and Evolution of Sweet Taste Mediated by Tas1r2\u2013Tas1r3 in Vertebrates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010hui","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingcan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huabin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08822-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811087106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04341-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1447502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Food Composition of Two Rana Species on a Forest Habitat (Livada Plain, Romania)","volume":"1","author":"Aszal\u00f3s L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"North\u2010Western Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310347120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1865504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evu095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1963(18)31545-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syaa034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0240-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/famrs.2023.1283255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118360109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021516118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-019-0421-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072090199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00451-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-023-02258-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.12052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-01387-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07323-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/486S2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq8274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.13059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/141.4.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.13060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evr126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205205109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq152"}],"container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70073","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:23:33Z","timestamp":1789403013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1749-4877.70073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4877","1749-4877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4877","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}