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Zool."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Herbivorous insects are among the most ecologically successful animal groups. However, the adaptive mechanisms that allow them to exploit plant hosts, which are often nutrient\u2010poor (low in simple sugars, high in structural carbohydrates) and defended by toxic secondary metabolites, are not fully resolved. Here, we investigated the evolutionary basis of herbivory in\n                    <jats:italic>Lordiphosa clarofinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a drosophilid species feeding on living plant tissues, using multi\u2010omics approaches. Behavioral experiments revealed a strong oviposition preference for\n                    <jats:italic>Galinsoga parviflora<\/jats:italic>\n                    (a host rich in secondary metabolites), accompanied by elevated expression of chemosensory genes linked to host discrimination. Comparative genomic analyses revealed lineage\u2010specific expansions of gene families associated with detoxification (e.g., cytochrome P450s) and carbohydrate metabolism, alongside positive selection on genes involved in fatty acid utilization and glycogen synthesis. Transcriptomic data showed differential expression of energy metabolism pathways in response to low\u2010sugar plant diets, with upregulation of genes linked to lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota identified key taxa (e.g., Bacteroidetes) capable of degrading plant polysaccharides and synthesizing essential vitamins, potentially complementing host nutritional intake. Our results demonstrate that herbivory in\n                    <jats:italic>L. clarofinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated with coordinated genomic, transcriptional, and microbial changes, rather than being attributable to a single adaptive mechanism. This study highlights how multi\u2010level biological features covary with plant\u2010based feeding and provides a framework for investigating the complex evolutionary and ecological correlates of herbivory in insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:20:52Z","timestamp":1776774052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi\u2010Omics Analysis Reveals Coordinated Adaptations in Genes, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota Underpinning Herbivory in\n                    <i>Lordiphosa<\/i>\n                    Flies"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3121-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University  Kunming China"},{"name":"Southwest United Graduate School  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2024.1396984","article-title":"Enhanced Gut Microbiome Supplementation of Essential Amino Acids in Diploptera punctata Fed Low\u2010Protein Plant\u2010Based Diet","volume":"4","author":"Ayayee P. 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