{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:57:45Z","timestamp":1790873865274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relative abundance techniques (RATs) are simple and low\u2010cost tools that researchers, agricultural technicians, pest management personnel, and farmers can use to monitor relative abundance of rodent populations in rice agroecosystems. These tools have been developed to monitor rodent abundance in heterogenous habitats but have not yet been evaluated for forecasting rodent damage to rice crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of RATs, including giving\u2010up density (GUD) trays, chew cards, wax blocks, and active burrow counts in monitoring rodent abundance and predicting damage in rice fields in the Philippines. The effectiveness of these indices for monitoring rodent abundance and predicting damage were evaluated in rice fields over two consecutive cropping seasons. Relative abundance data were collected at early tillering (ET), maximum tillering (MT), and post\u2010harvest stages of the rice crop. Tiller damage was assessed at maximum tillering (MT), booting (BT), and ripening (RP) stages. The optimum number of GUD stations for estimating rodent abundance and predicting damage was determined using different GUD arrays over three consecutive cropping seasons. Among the different RATs, GUDs measured during ET and MT showed the strongest associations with cumulative tiller damage, while burrow counts performed best at post\u2010harvest. The use of eight\u2010array grids of GUD stations per field resulted in the highest correlation with cumulative damage. To improve the efficiency of forecasting rodent damage in a current rice crop, we recommend the use of GUDs during the early stages of growth. To predict damage in the following cropping season, burrow counts at post\u2010harvest should be used to monitor rodent abundance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1790870499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Relative Abundance Techniques (RATs) for Monitoring Rodent Abundance and Predicting Rodent Damage in Rice Agroecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Roman N.","family":"Fornesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences University of the Philippines  Laguna Philippines"},{"name":"Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute  Laguna Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulysses G.","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division Philippine Rice Research Institute  Nueva Ecija Philippines"},{"name":"Crop Pest Management Division Bureau of Plant Industry  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Bea R.","family":"Rosialda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Pest Management Division Bureau of Plant Industry  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy P.","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute  Laguna Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant R.","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute  Laguna Philippines"},{"name":"Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich  Chatham Maritime Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Kaye C.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute  Laguna Philippines"},{"name":"Pesticide Action Network  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Field Methods for Rodent Studies in Asia and the Indo\u2010Pacific","author":"Aplin K. P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1609-3","article-title":"A Practical Guide to Avoid Giving Up on Giving\u2010Up Densities","volume":"67","author":"Bedoya\u2010Perez M. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR14189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395696","article-title":"Patch Use as an Indicator of Habitat Preference, Predation Risk, and Competition","volume":"22","author":"Brown J. S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR21076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.10.016","article-title":"Relationship Between Abundance of Rodents and Damage to Agricultural Crops","volume":"120","author":"Brown P. R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09670874.2010.529954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-005-0228-x","article-title":"Population Dynamics of Rattus argentiventer, R. losea and R. rattus Inhabiting a Mixed Farming System in the Red River Delta, Vietnam","volume":"47","author":"Brown P. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Population Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/V418110167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Integrated Pest Management and Pest Control\u2014Current and Future Tactics","author":"Cavia R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/neobiota.63.53811"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Esri Impact Observatory and Microsoft.2023. Sentinel\u20102 10\u2010Meter Land Cover [Data set and application] [Map center: \u201383.21 34.33; 2017\u20132021].ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World.https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com\/landcoverexplorer\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR13108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8260\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1071\/WR10030","article-title":"Ecologically Based Management of Rodents in Lowland Irrigated Rice Fields in Indonesia","volume":"37","author":"Jacob J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wildlife Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12251","article-title":"The Stadium Effect: Rodent Damage Patterns in Rice Fields Explored Using Giving\u2010Up Densities","volume":"12","author":"Jones C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integrative Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4626","article-title":"The Need to Implement the Landscape of Fear Within Rodent Pest Management Strategies","volume":"73","author":"Krijger I. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Management Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.2020.1784241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.30843\/nzpp.2006.59.4507","article-title":"Improving Techniques for the WaxTag\u00ae, Possum (Trichosurus vulpeculla) Monitoring Index","volume":"59","author":"Ogilvie S. C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Zealand Plant Protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"Philippine Statistics Authority.2018a.Iloilo Quickstat (Monthly update of most requested statistics as of June 2018) [Data set]. Knowledge Management and Communications Division Philippine Statistics Authority."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Philippine Statistics Authority.2018b.Laguna Quickstat (Monthly update of most requested statistics as of June 2018) [Data set]. Knowledge Management and Communications Division Philippine Statistics Authority."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Philippine Statistics Authority.2018c.Nueva Ecija Quickstat (Monthly update of most requested statistics as of June 2018) [Data set]. Knowledge Management and Communications Division Philippine Statistics Authority."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Efficacy of Chew\u2010Track\u2010Card Indices of Rat and Possum Abundance Across Widely Varying Pest Densities","volume":"39","author":"Ruffell J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"Impacts of Rodents on Rice Production in Asia","author":"Singleton G. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Philippine Rats: Ecology and Management","author":"Singleton G. R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Rodent Pests: Ecology and Management","author":"Singleton G. R.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2019.01.023","article-title":"Tailor\u2010Made Solutions to Tackle Rodent Pests of Rice Through Community\u2010Based Management Approaches in Cambodia","volume":"135","author":"Stuart A. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1071\/WR14195","article-title":"Population Ecology of the Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Complex Lowland Agroecosystems in the Philippines","volume":"42","author":"Stuart A. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wildlife Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Chew\u2010Track\u2010Cards: A Multiple\u2010Species Small Mammal Detection Device","volume":"35","author":"Sweetapple P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2307\/3802418","article-title":"Use of Burrow Entrances to Indicate Densities of Townsend's Ground Squirrels","volume":"61","author":"Van Horne B.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR03018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.06.005","article-title":"Giving\u2010Up Densities and Foraging Behaviour Indicate Possible Effects of Shrub Encroachment on Arctic Ground Squirrels","volume":"95","author":"Wheeler H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1071\/WR03128","article-title":"Developing Relative Abundance Techniques (RATs) for Monitoring Rodent Populations","volume":"32","author":"Whisson D. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wildlife Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2002.990208.x","article-title":"Predation Risk and Habitat Selection of Australian House Mice (Mus domesticus) During an Incipient Plague: Desperate Behaviour During Food Depletion","volume":"99","author":"Yl\u00f6nen H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oikos"}],"container-title":["Integrative Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70213","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:01:44Z","timestamp":1790870504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1749-4877.70213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1749-4877.70213","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4877","1749-4877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4877","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1749-4877.70213"}}