{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:57:55Z","timestamp":1790866675277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integr. Zool."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Wild ungulates on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau experience seasonal shifts in food resources, yet integrated evidence linking diets with gut microbiota and metabolic profiles remains limited. We combined fecal DNA metabarcoding, 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and untargeted metabolomics to analyze diet, gut microbiota composition, functional pathways, and fecal metabolic profiles in 82 fecal samples of Przewalski's gazelle (\n                    <jats:italic>Procapra przewalskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from three regions. Seasonal comparisons were conducted within each region and regional comparisons within each season. Winter diets showed regional specificity, with Poaceae and Cyperaceae enriched in the N region, Poaceae and Fabaceae in the S region, and Iridaceae in the W region, whereas summer diets shifted toward forb families including Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, and Polygonaceae. Gut microbiota composition and KEGG Level 3 functions differed between seasons. Representative taxa enriched in winter included\n                    <jats:italic>UCG\u2010007<\/jats:italic>\n                    within Oscillospiraceae,\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Mailhella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Papillibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas taxa enriched in summer included\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus Saccharimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    , [\n                    <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]_\n                    <jats:italic>brachy_group<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Colidextribacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Representative pathways included Biosynthesis of cofactors, Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, Biosynthesis of various nucleotide sugars, and Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in winter, whereas representative pathways in summer included the Phosphotransferase system (PTS), Ribosome, Aminoacyl\u2010tRNA biosynthesis, and Peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Fecal metabolomic profiles differed among regions within both seasons, and dietary dissimilarity was significantly correlated with metabolomic, genus\u2010level microbial, and KEGG Level 3 functional dissimilarities. Correlation analyses linked LEfSe\u2010identified plant families to dominant genus\u2010level taxa and KEGG Level 3 pathways. Together, these results support a close link between dietary variation and changes in gut microbiota composition, functional potential, and fecal metabolic profiles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.70215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:26:06Z","timestamp":1790864766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal and Regional Dietary Heterogeneity Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Differentiation in Przewalski's Gazelle (\n                    <i>Procapra przewalskii<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University  Xining Qinghai China"},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics  Xining Qinghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xining China"},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics  Xining Qinghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xining China"},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics  Xining Qinghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecological Environmental Engineering Qinghai University  Xining Qinghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongzuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xining China"},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics  Xining Qinghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.117","article-title":"Methodological Trends and Perspectives of Animal Dietary Studies by Noninvasive Fecal DNA Metabarcoding","volume":"2","author":"Ando H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental DNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00977-9","article-title":"Seasonal Shifts in the Gut Microbiome Indicate Plastic Responses to Diet in Wild Geladas","volume":"9","author":"Baniel A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","article-title":"Fast and Sensitive Protein Alignment Using DIAMOND","volume":"12","author":"Buchfink B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High\u2010Resolution Sample Inference From Illumina Amplicon Data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan B. 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