{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:44:02Z","timestamp":1793195042974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0216514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0216514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0226438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0226438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications can provide disease\u2010free seedlings and enhanced nutrient absorption, respectively, for organic farming. Ginger (\n                    <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic>\n                    Roscoe) is rich in phytochemicals and has various health\u2010protective potentials. This study was aimed at determining effects of tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications alone or in combinations in organic farming on phytochemical contents (total phenolics and flavonoids [TP and TF, respectively], gingerol and shogaol homologues, phenolic acids, and carotenoids) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH [2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC), and iron\u2010chelating capacities [ICC]) in solvent\u2010extractable (Free) and cell\u2010wall\u2010matrix\u2010bound (Bound) fractions of ginger rhizome and Free fraction of the leaves in comparison with non\u2010organics. Concentrations of the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities, except for carotenoids and ICC, were significantly higher in organic ginger rhizomes and leaves than in non\u2010organics regardless of the fractions and treatments (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Mycorrhiza application in organic farming significantly increased levels of TP, TF, gingerols, and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the combined application of tissue culture and mycorrhiza significantly increased concentrations of TF and gingerols and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), suggesting their synergistic effects. Considerable amounts of phenolics were found in the Bound fractions of the rhizomes. Six\u2010gingerol, ferulic acid, and lutein were predominant ones among gingerols, phenolic acids, and carotenoids, respectively, in ginger rhizomes. The results suggest that organic farming with mycorrhiza and tissue culture applications can increase concentrations of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in ginger rhizomes and leaves and therefore improve their health\u2010protective potentials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T17:02:17Z","timestamp":1487869337000},"page":"873-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Tissue Culture and Mycorrhiza Applications in Organic Farming on Concentrations of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities in Ginger (\n                    <i>Zingiber officinale<\/i>\n                    Roscoe) Rhizomes and Leaves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Byungrok R.","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences Univ. of Maryland Eastern Shore  Princess Anne MD 21853 U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lurline E.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences Univ. of Maryland Eastern Shore  Princess Anne MD 21853 U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keegan","family":"Brathwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences Univ. of Maryland Eastern Shore  Princess Anne MD 21853 U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adebola O.","family":"Daramola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences Univ. of Maryland Eastern Shore  Princess Anne MD 21853 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