{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:44:22Z","timestamp":1789368262941,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a hot\u2010water extract of defatted\n                      <jats:italic>Camellia oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      seeds (CSE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\u2010induced liver damage in rats. Wistar rats were separated into four groups including the normal (N) and CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      control (C) groups, which are fed a control diet, and the CCL (low\u2010dose CSE) and CCH (high\u2010dose CSE) groups, which are fed with a control diet plus different amount of CSE for an 8\u2010week experimental period. Liver injury in the C, CCL, and CCH groups was induced by injecting CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>i.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      .) twice a week from the 5th week to the end of the study. In CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010treated rats, the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration significantly increased compared to the normal group. Lower antioxidative enzyme activities and higher proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2) and hydroxyproline concentrations in the liver were also found in the CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010treated group compared to the normal group. In contrast, the administration of CSE alleviated the biochemical and histopathological changes including inflammation, liver cell damage, and fibrosis caused by CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      in rats. Our results indicated that CSE exhibited hepatoprotective effects in CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010induced liver hepatotoxicity through alleviating hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Camellia oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      are widely used for edible oil production while the defatted seeds pomace is often discarded. We found that extract of\n                      <jats:italic>C. oleifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      pomace containing phenolic compounds, saponins, and polysaccharides showed protective effects chemical\u2010driven liver damage and, therefore, may be used in further studies and developing functional foods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T12:05:10Z","timestamp":1558526710000},"page":"1586-1591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Camellia Oleifera<\/i>\n                    Seed Extract Mildly Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride\u2010Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical Univ.  250 Wuxing St Taipei 11031 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2052-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan\u2010Ju","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Food Science, College of Agriculture Tunghai Univ.  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0484-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Chih","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Anatomic Pathology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital  No.21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao District New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Nursing National Taipei Univ. of Nursing and Health Sciences  No.365, Mingte Road, Peitou District Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3733-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin\u2010Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Nutritional Science Fu Jen Catholic Univ.  No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist. 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