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Bacterial DNA extracted directly from the insects was subjected to optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested\u2010PCR assays for the qualitative detection of 12 selected antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Microbial enumeration demonstrated high counts of spore\u2010forming bacteria and total mesophilic aerobes. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between different producers and insect batches. Regarding AR genes, a high prevalence of genes conferring resistance to tetracycline [\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (M),\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (O),\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (K),\n                      <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (S)] was observed, together with the presence of genes conferring resistance to erythromycin [\n                      <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                      (B),\n                      <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n                      (C)], beta\u2010lactams (\n                      <jats:italic>blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and aminoglycosides [\n                      <jats:italic>aac(6\u2019)<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Ie aph(2\u201d)\u2010Ia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]. We performed a principal component analysis based on the AR gene frequencies that differentiated samples of batch 1 from those of batch 2. This analysis provided evidence for a difference between the producer from France and all the other producers among the batch 1 samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, an intrabatch variation was seen in the transferable resistances among different producers. This evidence, coupled with the observed differences in the viable counts, suggests a low standardization of the production processes. Hence, a prudent use of antimicrobials during the rearing of insects destined for human consumption is strongly recommended, as well as a need for a full standardization of production technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T17:19:07Z","timestamp":1570727947000},"page":"3222-3232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Marketed Ready\u2010to\u2010Eat Small Crickets (\n                    <i>Acheta domesticus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Roncolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipt. di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali Univ. 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