{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:20:24Z","timestamp":1788546024577,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81300791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81300791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18JCYBJC26500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JCYBJC26500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mechanism underlying the effect of ursolic acid (UA) on lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of UA in reducing lipid accumulation in free fatty acids\u2010cultured HepG2 cells and in high\u2010fat\u2010diet\u2010fed C57BL\/6J mice.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , UA effectively alleviated liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocytes in the epididymis. It also significantly decreased the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents in the liver and plasma in C57BL\/6 mice.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , UA (20\u00a0\u00b5M) significantly reduced lipid accumulation; the intracellular TC contents decreased from 0.078\u00a0\u00b1 0.0047 to 0.049\u00a0\u00b1 0.0064\u00a0\u00b5mol\/mg protein, and TG contents from 0.133\u00a0\u00b1 0.005 to 0.066\u00a0\u00b1 0.0047\u00a0\u00b5mol\/mg protein, in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, UA reduced the mRNA expression related to fat synthesis, enhanced the mRNA expression related to adipose decomposition, and dramatically upregulated the protein expression of P\u2010AMPK\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Of note, these protective effects of UA on a high\u2010fat environment were blocked by the AMPK inhibitor (compound C)\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In addition, the molecular docking results suggested that UA could be docked to the AMPK protein as an AMPK activator. These results indicated that UA lowered the lipid content probably\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting fat decomposition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ursolic acid (UA) widely exists in vegetables and fruits. This study highlighted a lipid\u2010lowing mechanism of UA in HepG2 cells and C57BL\/6J mice. The data indicated that UA might be used in lipid\u2010lowering functional foods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T08:39:49Z","timestamp":1601541589000},"page":"3998-4008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Ursolic acid alleviates lipid accumulation by activating the AMPK signaling pathway\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)  Tianjin 300457 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)  Tianjin 300457 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)  Tianjin 300457 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)  Tianjin 300457 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant and Food Inspection Center of Tianjin Customs (Former Tianjin Inspection and Quarantine Bureau)  Tianjin 300461 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yatu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Eye Hospital Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science  Tianjin 300384 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce  Tianjin 300143 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Ubasio Biotechnology Group Co. 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