{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:20:54Z","timestamp":1782789654682,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with reproductive toxicity. Further, 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) plays an important role in male reproduction by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR) and mediating the pleiotropic biological actions that include spermatogenesis. However, whether VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/VDR regulates the effect of BPA on Leydig cells (LCs) injury remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of VD on BPA\u2010induced cytotoxicity in mouse LCs. Hereby, LCs treated with BPA, VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , or both were subjected to the assays of cell apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and levels of target proteins. This study unveiled that cell viability was dose\u2010dependently reduced after exposure to BPA. BPA treatment significantly inhibited LC proliferation, induced apoptosis, and also downregulated VDR expression. By jointly analyzing transcriptome data and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) data, autophagy signaling pathways related to testicular development and male reproduction were screened out. Therefore, the autophagy phenomenon of cells was further detected. The results showed that BPA treatment could activate cell autophagy,\n                    <jats:italic>Vdr<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    inhibits cell autophagy, and active VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    does not have a significant effect on the autophagy of normal LCs. After VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and BPA were used in combination, the autophagy of cells was further enhanced, and VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    could alleviate BPA\u2010induced damage of LCs. In conclusion, this study found that supplementing VD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    could eliminate the inhibition of BPA on VDR expression, further enhance LCs autophagy effect, and alleviate the inhibition of LCs proliferation and induction of apoptosis by BPA, playing a protective role in cells. The research results will provide valuable strategies to alleviate BPA\u2010induced reproductive toxicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.17103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T02:54:10Z","timestamp":1715309650000},"page":"3858-3870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["VD\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    \/VDR attenuates bisphenol A\u2013induced impairment in mouse Leydig cells via regulation of autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products Universities of Shaanxi Province  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment  Hanzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products Universities of Shaanxi Province  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon  Hanzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon  Hanzhong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Technology  Hanzhong China"},{"name":"QinLing\u2010Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. 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