{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T19:59:32Z","timestamp":1769111972041,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009153","name":"University of Portsmouth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009153","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin in crops that could induce intestinal inflammation, affecting the susceptibility of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to pathogen infection. This study aimed to investigate DON's effects on mucin and cytokine production as part of the local immune system and how it affected intestinal susceptibility to pathogen infection. Caco\u20102 cells were exposed to DON followed by acute enteroinvasive\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (EIEC) infection. An increase in EIEC attachment to DON\u2010exposed cells was observed, probably in part, mediated by secretory MUC5AC mucins and membrane\u2010bound MUC4 and MUC17 mucins. Additionally, DON with EIEC posttreatment led to significant changes in the gene expression of several proinflammatory cytokines (IL1\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, IL6, IL8, TNF\u03b1, and MCP\u20101), which may be in part, mediated by NK\u2010\u03baB and\/or MAPK signaling pathways. These data suggested DON may exert immunomodulatory effects on IECs, altering the IEC susceptibility to bacterial infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Application<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggested that DON might modulate immune responses by affecting mucus and cytokine production, which may affect the susceptibility of intestinal epithelial cells to pathogen infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:12:58Z","timestamp":1740103978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deoxynivalenol modulated mucin expression and proinflammatory cytokine production, affecting susceptibility to enteroinvasive\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    infection in intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Murphy Lam Yim","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Microbiology Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health University of Portsmouth  Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Anna","family":"Co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah P","family":"Nagendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"El\u2010Nezami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Nuclear transcription factor NF\u2010kappa B: Role in biology and medicine","volume":"42","author":"Aggarwal B. 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