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Both fermented WPI and SPI demonstrated significant \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibition, with SPI showing higher inhibition rates. Proteolytic activity peaked at 48\u00a0h and a 2.5% inoculation rate, with sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2010polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and two\u2010dimensional (2D)\u2010PAGE revealing changes in protein profiles and peptide distribution. Ultra\u2010filtered fractions, particularly the 3\u00a0kDa permeates, exhibited strong antidiabetic effects. Furthermore, fermented WPI and SPI reduced nitric oxide production and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells without causing cytotoxicity at 2\u00a0mg\/mL concentrations. Confocal microscopy showed that fermentation led to the formation of smaller peptide structures, suggesting that KGL4\u2010fermented WPI and SPI are promising sources of bioactive peptides with potential applications in functional foods and therapeutics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T11:52:21Z","timestamp":1743853941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bioactive peptides from fermentates of soy protein and whey protein isolates: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartikkumar Ramjibhai","family":"Vadher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science Kamdhenu University  Anand Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar A.","family":"Sakure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Biotechnology Anand Agricultural University  Anand Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krupali","family":"Ramanuj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science Kamdhenu University  Anand Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja M.","family":"Mankad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Kamdhenu University  Anand Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Gut Research Group, Food &amp; 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