{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:48:46Z","timestamp":1792540126425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This meta\u2010analysis systematically evaluated the association between ultra\u2010processed food (UPF) intake and adverse liver outcomes, addressing a critical evidence gap as prior observational studies lacked pooled quantitative synthesis. Researchers conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science (up to October 17, 2024) using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords. Statistical analyses in Stata 14.0 employed fixed\u2010effects (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.1,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2264 50%) or random\u2010effects models (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; 50%), with publication bias assessed via funnel plots and Egger's test. The analysis included 17 studies (11 cohort, 3 case\u2010control, 3 cross\u2010sectional;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,092,950 participants). UPF consumption significantly increased risks of adverse liver outcomes (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34\u20131.86;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 89.9%), specifically non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.36\u20132.17), liver fibrosis (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.08\u20131.59), and liver cancer (OR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.03\u20131.76). Subgroup analyses revealed regional variations, with Asian cohorts showing lower NAFLD risk (OR = 1.47\u00a0vs. American\/European studies). High heterogeneity (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 89.9%) persisted across analyses. Findings confirm UPFs as independent risk factors for liver diseases, mediated through metabolic pathways like fat accumulation and inflammation. This synthesis strengthens evidence for dietary guidelines limiting UPFs to mitigate global liver disease burdens. The study's robust methodology and large sample size underscore the clinical and public health implications of reducing UPF consumption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1749200603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ultra\u2010Processed Food Intake and Risk of Adverse Liver Outcomes: A Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0147-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Hepatology the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu\u2010cai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Hepatology the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Infectious Disease Hospital  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Hepatology the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Hepatology the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Advances in Patient Safety: from Research to 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