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This study introduces a novel, eco\u2010friendly, and sustainable method to combine N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NBs with limonene and ultrasound to enhance terpene extraction from food waste. N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NBs suspension stabilized by Tween 80, resulting in 255\u00a0nm size with reduced surface tension. Raman spectroscopy indicates strong hydrogen bonding at 1646 cm\u207b\u00b9, suggesting that the enhanced release of compounds and micelle formation improved the solubility of terpenes. Meanwhile, SEM demonstrated that the collapse of N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NBs effectively disrupted cell walls. Together, these mechanisms significantly enhanced terpene compounds' release, solubility, and overall yield. Combining Tween 80 and N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010NBs with ultrasound achieved a terpene yield of 42.88 \u00b1 1.87\u00a0mg\/g DW, significantly higher than the 10.96 \u00b1 2.87\u00a0mg\/g DW from ethanol extraction. These findings highlight the novel eco\u2010friendly approach to effectively extract terpenes, which can be useful for industrial applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel, eco\u2010friendly extraction method can be used to reuse food waste. High\u2010yielding extraction method can be used to extract pharmaceutical compounds. Extracted terpenes can be used for various food industry applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:09:34Z","timestamp":1749200974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["N\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Nanobubbles Synergized With Limonene and Ultrasound for Enhanced Extraction of Terpenes From\n                    <i>Camellia Oleifera<\/i>\n                    Shells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3088-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arooj Rehman","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agri\u2010food Resources and High\u2010value Utilization Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miral","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agri\u2010food Resources and High\u2010value Utilization Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7758-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaojun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Medicine Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8232-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zisheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agri\u2010food Resources and High\u2010value Utilization Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for Postharvest Agro\u2010Products Technology Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2021.101470"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Essential Oils and Their Major Components: An Updated Review on Antimicrobial Activities, Mechanism of Action and Their Potential Application in the Food Industry","volume":"11","author":"Angane M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2067119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ02549A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01157"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Current Status of Research on Nanobubbles in Particle Flotation","volume":"60","author":"Chen J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colcom.2021.100486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2021.101455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JC017363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2012.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2021.102541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b03532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-022-02793-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.124430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2020.115594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbnb.2020.114014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c02864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang J. 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