{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:39:14Z","timestamp":1787506754200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cucumber intrinsic\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Leuconostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      generate sufficient carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in early fermentation, particularly those brined without sodium chloride, to induce bloater defects prior to the onset of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Because of the\n                      <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      short doubling time, it is proposed as a starter culture for cucumber fermentation brined with 342 mM (2%) sodium chloride to prevent bloater defects. A screening of putative decarboxylases (27) in the cucumber fermentation bacteriome identified substantially more of such enzymes in\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (24 or 89%) relative to lactic acid bacteria (10 or 37%). Co\u2010inoculation of\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Leuconostoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Cucumber Juice Medium (CJM) resulted in reduced formation of acetic acid and ethanol. The\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      population suffered a 4.7 log of CFU\/ml of CJM reduction by 22 h when co\u2010inoculated with\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A reduction in CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      production and bloater index, from 32.1 \u00b1 9.5 to 2.9 \u00b1 0.9, was observed in the fermentation of pasteurized cucumbers co\u2010inoculated with\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter cancerogenus<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Leuconostoc lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, the bloater index increased in such fermentations when\n                      <jats:italic>Leuconostoc fallax<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were co\u2010inoculated. Fresh cucumber fermentations brined with 342 mM sodium chloride and inoculated with\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but not in combination with\n                      <jats:italic>Lp. pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , resulted in reduced bloater defects. It is concluded that, a mixed starter culture of\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with a lactic acid bacterium, other than\n                      <jats:italic>Lp. pentosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      may be useful in preventing bloater defects in cucumber fermentation brined with reduced salt.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical Applications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prevention of bloater defects in commercial cucumber fermentation brined with reduced salt can reduce economic losses for processors and manufacturers. Bloater defects can affect up to 60% of a fermentation vessel. The control of such defects in cucumber fermentations using a\n                      <jats:italic>Lc. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      starter culture reduces but does not prevent bloater defects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T18:05:31Z","timestamp":1759169131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A\n                    <i>Lactococcus lactis<\/i>\n                    Starter Culture Reduces the Bloater Defect in Cucumber Fermentations Brined With Low Salt"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Blouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pagan\u2010Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3506-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilenys M.","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U. 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