{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:43:28Z","timestamp":1785476608806,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Postbiotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have emerged as bioactive components with therapeutic potential. However, their efficacy in mitigating muscle atrophy remains unexplored. This study investigated the muscle\u2010protective effects of postbiotic EVs derived from the probiotic\n                    <jats:italic>Lentilactobacillus kefiri<\/jats:italic>\n                    DH5 (DH5\u2010EVs) in both palmitic acid (PA)\u2010induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells and a hindlimb immobilization (HI) mouse model of sarcopenia. Biochemical characterization confirmed that DH5\u2010EVs exhibited typical features of bacterial EVs, including protein bands in the 40\u201350\u00a0kDa range and a negative zeta potential. Proteomic analysis identified functional proteins such as GAPDH, arginine deiminase, and surface\u2010layer protein with CBS domains, which are implicated in anti\u2010inflammatory signaling and metabolic regulation. DH5\u2010EVs significantly restored myotube integrity and upregulated\n                    <jats:italic>Igf\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in PA\u2010treated cells. In HI mice, DH5\u2010EV administration significantly improved grip strength, increased muscle mass, elevated\n                    <jats:italic>MyoD<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, and reduced\n                    <jats:italic>Atrogin\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression, with effects comparable to those of creatine administration. These findings suggest that DH5\u2010derived EVs enhance muscle regeneration and function, offering a promising postbiotic strategy for muscle health. Moreover, these work provides mechanistic insights and supports the development of EV\u2010based interventions for sarcopenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:54:12Z","timestamp":1758963252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Probiotic\u2010Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Sarcopenia via Muscle Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Subin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food &amp; Nutrition, College of Human Ecology Hanyang University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5720-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Ho","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for One Health, 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